Email this article Oral microbiota and its pharmacological modulation in periodontitis: a systematic review (PRISMA)
- Authors: Uzaev I.S.1, Ayubov M.B.1, Madiev D.A.1, Shapaev S.S.1, Gebekov I.M.1, Razakov A.S.1, Zubairaev D.I.1, Kusieva M.B.1
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Affiliations:
- North Ossetian State Medical Academy
- Section: Reviews
- Submitted: 17.12.2025
- Accepted: 19.02.2026
- Published: 27.03.2026
- URL: https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/698832
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/medjrf698832
- ID: 698832
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Abstract
Periodontitis remains one of the most common causes of tooth loss, with disruption of oral microbial balance recognized as a key factor in its pathogenesis. Growing interest in the microbiota as a therapeutic target has made it important to study pharmacological approaches aimed at restoring balance and reducing inflammation. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of probiotics, prebiotics, and other agents that influence the oral microbiota in periodontitis. Following PRISMA standards, studies published between 2020 and 2025 were analyzed, including clinical and review works. It was found that the use of probiotics (Lactobacillus reuteri, L. salivarius, Bifidobacterium spp.) and prebiotics (inulin) reduces periodontal pocket depth and gingival bleeding, normalizes microbial composition, and decreases inflammatory cytokine levels. The strongest effect was observed when these agents were combined with conventional mechanical debridement. The findings confirm that pharmacological modulation of the oral microbiota is a safe and effective adjunct to standard periodontal therapy. This review summarizes the latest evidence on the use of probiotics and prebiotics in dentistry and identifies the most promising microbial strains and future research directions for developing optimal treatment protocols.
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About the authors
Ibragim Sh. Uzaev
North Ossetian State Medical Academy
Email: Uzai.Ib2002@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-6609-4644
5th-year student
Russian Federation, 362019, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Vladikavkaz, Pushkinskaya Street, 40Mikail B. Ayubov
North Ossetian State Medical Academy
Email: ayubowmikail@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-4525-1124
5th-year student
Russian Federation, 362019 Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Vladikavkaz, Pushkinskaya Street, 40Deni A. Madiev
North Ossetian State Medical Academy
Email: madievdeni001@icloud.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-9309-265X
5th-year student
Russian Federation, 362019 Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Vladikavkaz, Pushkinskaya Street, 40Shamad S. Shapaev
North Ossetian State Medical Academy
Email: shamadshapaev@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-7711-5980
5th-year student
Russian Federation, 362019 Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Vladikavkaz, Pushkinskaya Street, 40Ilyas M. Gebekov
North Ossetian State Medical Academy
Email: genekovilas5@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-4237-5548
5th-year student
Russian Federation, 362019 Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Vladikavkaz, Pushkinskaya Street, 40Abdula S. Razakov
North Ossetian State Medical Academy
Email: razakov.abdula@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-1232-567X
5th-year student
Russian Federation, 362019 Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Vladikavkaz, Pushkinskaya Street, 40Deni I. Zubairaev
North Ossetian State Medical Academy
Email: denizubair00@icloud.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-0289-5783
5th-year student
Russian Federation, 362019 Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Vladikavkaz, Pushkinskaya Street, 40Marha B. Kusieva
North Ossetian State Medical Academy
Author for correspondence.
Email: kusieva2001@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-1920-8041
5th-year student
Russian Federation, 362019 Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Vladikavkaz, Pushkinskaya Street, 40References
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