Russian MedicineRussian MedicineРоссийский медицинский журнал0869-21062412-9100Eco-Vector3842510.18821/0869-2106-2017-23-5-263-269ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleTHE SYSTEMIC PSYCHO-NEUROLOGY: MAIN FACTORS EFFECTING CONNECTOMEСИСТЕМНАЯ ПСИХОНЕВРОЛОГИЯ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА КОННЕКТОМDamulinIgor V.ДамулинИгорь Владимирович

doctor of medical sciences, professor of the chair of diseases of nervous system and neurosurgery the I.M. Sechenov first Moscow state medical university of Minzdrav of Russia, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation; leading researcher the Moscow clinical research center of the Moscow health department, 111123, Moscow, Russian Federation

доктор мед. наук, профессор кафедры нервных болезней и нейрохирургии ФГБОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, 119021, Москва; ведущий научный сотрудник ГБУЗ «Московский Клинический Научный Центр ДЗМ», 111123, г. Москва

damulin@mmascience.ruThe I.M. Sechenov first Moscow state medical university of Minzdrav of RussiaФГБОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава РоссииThe Moscow clinical research center of the Moscow health departmentГБУЗ «Московский Клинический Научный Центр» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы15102017235VOL 23, NO5 (2017)ТОМ 23, №5 (2017)26326921072020Copyright ©; 2017, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2017, ООО "Эко-Вектор"2017Eco-VectorООО "Эко-Вектор"https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/38425

The review considers actual aspects of structural and functional functioning of central nervous system. The significance of concept of connectome is emphasized. The constructing of connectome is based on the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging and consists in selecting of particular cerebral regions (areas), evaluating relationships between these regions and minute analysis of network of these relationships. At that, nowadays in neurosciences even more significance is attached not to functional segregation (specialization of one or another areas of brain) but functional integration, including synaptic level. The global principle of functioning of the brain is emphasized - goal achievement (information transfer) with minimal energy spending. The factors impacting on functioning of connectome are considered. The alteration of this structure during aging is analyzed. The data concerning individual and gender differences in organization of connectome are presented. The conclusion is made that obtained actual data permits to establish such a separate direction of neurosciences as systemic psycho-neurology combining clinical disciplines, methods of neurovisualization and mathematical methods. Exactly such a comprehensive approach opens new possibilities in studying functioning of so complicated organized system as brain is.

В обзорной статье рассматриваются современные аспекты структурной и функциональной деятельности центральной нервной системы. Подчеркивается значение концепции коннектома, построение которого основывается на результатах функциональной магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ) и заключается в выделении определенных церебральных регионов (областей), оценке связей между этими регионами и детальном анализе сети этих связей. При этом в настоящее время в области нейронаук все большее значение придается не функциональной сегрегации (специализации тех или иных областей головного мозга), а функциональной интеграции, в том числе и на синаптическом уровне. Подчеркивается глобальный принцип функционирования головного мозга -- достижение цели (передачи информации) с минимальными энергетическими затратами. Рассматриваются факторы, влияющие на функционирование коннектома. Анализируется изменение этой структуры при старении. Приводятся данные об индивидуальных и гендерных различиях в организации коннектома. Делается вывод о том, что полученные в настоящее время данные позволяют выделить отдельное направление в области нейронаук - системную психоневрологию, которая объединяет в себе и клинические дисциплины, и методы нейровизуализации, и математические подходы. Именно подобный комплексный подход открывает новые возможности для изучения деятельности столь сложно организованной системы, как головной мозг.

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