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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-2106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9100</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">44181</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18821/0869-2106-2019-25-5-6-328-334</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">AN INDIRECT PATHWAY FOR GENETIC INFLUENCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE CEREBRAL PALSY PHENOTYPE: GENOME AND HYPOXIA TOLERANCE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>НЕПРЯМОЙ ПУТЬ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО ВЛИЯНИЯ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ФЕНОТИПА ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНОГО ПАРАЛИЧА: ГЕНОМ И ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТЬ К ГИПОКСИИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>P. L</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>П. Л</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prityko</surname><given-names>A. G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Притыко</surname><given-names>А. Г</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chebanenko</surname><given-names>Natal’ya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чебаненко</surname><given-names>Наталья Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>candidate of medical sciences, Associate Professor of the Child Neurology Department of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education», 125993, Moscow, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры неврологии детского возраста ГБОУ ДПО РМАПО МЗ России, 125993, Москва</p></bio><email>nataqwe@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>P. A.I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>П. А.I</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.V. Voyno-Yasenetsky Scientific and Practical Center for Specialized Assistance for Children Department of Healthcare of Moscow</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Научно-практический центр специализированной помощи детям имени Н.В. Войно-Ясенецкого Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБОУ ДПО «РМАПО» МЗ России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>5-6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 25, NO5-6 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 25, №5-6 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>328</fpage><lpage>334</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-09-14"><day>14</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/44181">https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/44181</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The incidence of cerebral palsy is increasing. In 70% of cases, the disease develops as a result of exposure to known pathogenesis factors, such as hypoxia-ischemia, infectious, toxic, and traumatic damage to the fetus. In 30% of cases of the disease, the effect of pathogenetic factors is absent. This determines the relevance of the search for genetic anomalies responsible for the formation of this phenotype. Many genome disorders associated with the development of the cerebral palsy phenotype have been identified. Of particular interest is the indirect influence of genetic factors of pathogenesis, affecting the formation of the disease indirectly, through the mechanisms of formation of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Such factors affect almost all stages of the “ischemic cascade”: the formation of a “glutamate shock”, the realization of a “glutamate shock” by cytokines, the defect of the antioxidant defense of a neuron, the realization of the cytotoxic effect of nitric oxide (NO), and the stimulation of apoptosis of neurons and microglia. This makes it possible to identify genome variants that determine the tolerance of the child’s brain to hypoxic-ischemic damage. The combination of carriers of such anomalies into risk groups will make it possible to differentiate the tactics of their observation in the natal and postnatal periods in order to reduce the likelihood of the formation of severe hypoxic-ischemic lesions of the central nervous system and cerebral palsy. Today, a large amount of scientific data has been accumulated on the molecular genetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of perinatal brain lesions. Such as epigenetic, transcriptome gene expression control mechanisms via micro-RNA. The available information allows us to experimentally develop new methods for protecting the fetal brain from hypoxia-ischemia and stopping the effects of hypoxia-ischemia in the neonatal period.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Несмотря на прогресс во всех областях медицины, включая акушерство и неонатологию, число случаев заболевания детским церебральным параличом не только не уменьшается, но даже имеет тенденцию к росту. Развитие заболевания в 70% случаев происходит под влиянием хорошо известных и описанных факторов, таких, как гипоксия-ишемия, инфекционное, токсическое, травматическое поражение плода. В 30% случаев заболевания выявить воздействие патогенетических факторов не удается, что определяет актуальность поиска генетических аномалий, ответственных за формирование данного фенотипа. Выделены десятки генных аномалий, в разной степени ассоциированные с развитием фенотипа врожденного церебрального паралича. Особый интерес представляют генетические факторы патогенеза, влияющие на формирование заболевания опосредованно, через механизмы формирования гипоксически-ишемического поражения мозга. Такие факторы влияют практически на все этапы «ишемического каскада»: формирование «глутаматного удара», реализацию «глутаматного удара» цитокинами, дефект антиоксидантной защиты нейрона, реализацию цитотоксического воздействия оксида азота (NO), стимуляцию процессов апоптоза нейронов и микроглии. Это позволяет выделить варианты особенностей и аномалий генома, определяющие толерантность головного мозга ребенка к гипоксически-ишемическому поражению. Формирование носителей таких аномалий в группы риска позволит дифференцировать тактику их ведения в натальном и постнатальном периодах с целью снижения вероятности формирования тяжелых гипоксически-ишемических поражений центральной нервной системы и церебральных параличей. Накопленный объем научных данных по молекулярно-генетическим механизмам патогенеза перинатальных поражений головного мозга, таким, как эпигенетические, механизмы управления экспрессией генов, транскриптомные, осуществляемые посредством микро-РНК, на сегодняшний день позволяет в эксперименте предлагать новые пути защиты мозга плода от гипоксии и купирования ее последствий в послеродовом периоде.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>cerebral palsy</kwd><kwd>genetics</kwd><kwd>hypoxia</kwd><kwd>ischemia</kwd><kwd>brain lesion</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>церебральный паралич</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>генетические факторы</kwd><kwd>гипоксия-ишемия</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Little W.J. Deformities of the human frame. Lancet. 1843: 318-22</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Клинические рекомендации. 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