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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-2106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9100</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">472099</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/medjrf472099</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphological aspects of bedsore healing against high-frequency electrical stimulation in patients with severe brain damage</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфологические аспекты заживления пролежней на фоне высокочастотной электростимуляции у пациентов с тяжёлым поражением головного мозга</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8001-1601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulutko</surname><given-names>Aleksandr M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шулутко</surname><given-names>Александр Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>shulutko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1451-1015</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7380-2781</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osmanov</surname><given-names>Elkhan G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Османов</surname><given-names>Эльхан Гаджиханович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>mma-os@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8306-2538</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8150-3473</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Altukhov</surname><given-names>Evgeny L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алтухов</surname><given-names>Евгений Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Ealtuhov@fnkcrr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8482-1249</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2783-9692</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovlev</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковлев</surname><given-names>Алексей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>ayakovlev@fnkcrr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-3054</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7937-4241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boblak</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боблак</surname><given-names>Юлия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>julia.boblak@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6765-5154</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7590-2148</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gandibina</surname><given-names>Elena G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гандыбина</surname><given-names>Елена Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>alzas2007@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3557-4063</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbacheva</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбачева</surname><given-names>Анна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>agorby11@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-3091</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4637-2071</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Patalova</surname><given-names>Alla R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паталова</surname><given-names>Алла Рубеновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>alisamay2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4455-6716</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6570-4088</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khmirova</surname><given-names>Svetlana E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хмырова</surname><given-names>Светлана Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>sunshine_h@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3695-0847</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8212-6324</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusainova</surname><given-names>Nelli R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хусаинова</surname><given-names>Нелли Ринатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ssimovod@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр реаниматологии и реабилитологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-01-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-06-04"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-01-11"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-03-14"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/472099">https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/472099</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Bedsores or decubital ulcers are significant medical and social problems in patients with serious brain damage. The majority of local treatments are ineffective and do not ensure their healing. Therefore, the search for nondrug methods as part of the complex treatment of decubital ulcers is extremely relevant.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To assess the morphological picture of bedsores against the background of an improved method of treatment using high-frequency electrical stimulation with pulsed currents in chronically immobilised patients who survived a cerebral catastrophe.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> Biopsies of bedsores were examined in 12 patients with severe neurological disorders that developed after a cerebral catastrophe. The initial status of all patients was a ‘chronic critical condition’ (CCS). In all patients, the bedsore defect was located in the sacral region, with a length of 7–25 cm<sup>2</sup>. The depth of the bedsore corresponded to grade III according to the classification of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Two groups of patients were formed: the main group of five patients (three men + two women), with an average age of 49.0 years, who were subjected to electrical stimulation with pulsed currents of the radiofrequency range. A control group of seven patients (three men + four women), with an average age of 60.1 years, who underwent traditional treatment. The duration of the chronic wound process ranged from 2 months to 1.5 years. The immediate cause of CCS was more often a massive ischaemic stroke (8), less often a severe traumatic brain injury (3) and radical operations to remove brain tumours (1) of various prescriptions from 3 months to 1.5 years. Morphological studies were conducted in both groups to assess the complicated wound process.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The complex morphological study revealed that in the presence of high-frequency electrical stimulation, an earlier appearance of foci of fibroblastic proliferation, an increase in the regenerative potential of tissues due to increased production of type I and III collagens, and myofibroblastic and endothelial growth factors were noted.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> In the case of CCS of cerebral genesis, the wound process in bedsores inevitably becomes complicated and, according to morphological research, is characterised by severe endothelial dysfunction, deep microcirculation disorders, depletion of the potential of myofibroblastic cells and deficiency of their growth factors. Local high-frequency electrical stimulation in patients with severe brain damage and decubital ulcers as a component of complex ulcer therapy significantly optimises cellular and tissue reactions in the area of bedsores.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Одной из значимых медико-социальных проблем у лиц, перенёсших тяжёлое повреждение головного мозга, являются пролежни или декубитальные язвы. Большинство средств местного лечения малоэффективны, не обеспечивают их заживления. В связи с этим поиск немедикаментозных методов терапии пролежней как составной части комплексного лечения декубитальных язв чрезвычайно актуален.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — оценка морфологической картины пролежней на фоне усовершенствованного способа лечения — высокочастотной электростимуляции импульсными токами — у длительно иммобилизованных пациентов, переживших церебральную катастрофу.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Исследованы биоптаты пролежней у 12 пациентов с грубыми неврологическими нарушениями, развившимися после церебральной катастрофы, и с исходным статусом «хроническое критическое состояние» (ХКС). У всех пациентов пролежневый дефект протяжённостью от 7 до 25 см<sup>2</sup> располагался в крестцовой области. Глубина пролежня соответствовала III степени по классификации Agency For Health Care Policy and Research.</p> <p>Сформированы 2 группы: основная (<italic>n</italic>=5), состоящая из трёх мужчин и двух женщин (средний возраст — 49,0 года), у которых применяли электростимуляцию импульсными токами радиочастотного диапазона; контрольная (<italic>n</italic>=7) из трёх мужчин и четырёх женщин (средний возраст — 60,1 года), которым проводили традиционное лечение. Длительность хронического раневого процесса составила от 2 мес до 1,5 лет. Непосредственной причиной ХКС чаще был обширный ишемический инсульт (8), реже — тяжёлая черепно-мозговая травма (3) и радикальные операции по удалению новообразований головного мозга (1) различной давности (от 3 мес до 1,5 лет).</p> <p>Для оценки осложнённого раневого процесса в обеих группах проведены морфологические исследования.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> По данным комплексного морфологического исследования на фоне высокочастотной электростимуляции отмечено более раннее появление очагов фибробластической пролиферации, повышение регенераторного потенциала тканей за счёт усиленной выработки коллагенов I и III типов, а также миофибробластических и эндотелиальных факторов роста.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> На фоне ХКС церебрального генеза раневой процесс в пролежнях неизбежно становится осложнённым и по данным морфологического исследования характеризуется тяжёлой эндотелиальной дисфункцией, глубокими нарушениями микроциркуляции, истощением потенциала клеток миофибробластического ряда и дефицитом факторов их роста. Применение методики локальной высокочастотной электростимуляции у пациентов с тяжёлым поражением головного мозга и декубитальными язвами в качестве компонента комплексной терапии этих язв заметно оптимизирует клеточно-тканевые реакции в зоне пролежней.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electrostimulation of wounds</kwd><kwd>bedsores</kwd><kwd>decubital ulcers</kwd><kwd>wound process</kwd><kwd>bedsore ulcers</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электростимуляция ран</kwd><kwd>пролежни</kwd><kwd>декубитальные язвы</kwd><kwd>раневой процесс</kwd><kwd>пролежневые язвы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mervis JS, Phillips TJ. Pressure ulcers: pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors, and presentation. 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