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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-2106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9100</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">48519</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/0869-2106-2020-26-3-188-194</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cochleovestibular disorders: clinical and pathogenetic aspects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Кохлео-вестибулярные нарушения: клинические и патогенетические аспекты</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6673-5961</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tardov</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тардов</surname><given-names>Михаил Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSc</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>mvtardov@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-5537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Damulin</surname><given-names>Igor’ V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дамулин</surname><given-names>Игорь Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSc, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>damulin@mmascience.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">L.I. Sverzhevsky Research Institute of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский клинический институт оториноларингологии им. Л.И.Свержевского ДЗМ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Medical Institute of People's Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский институт Российского университета дружбы народов (РУДН)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>188</fpage><lpage>194</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-10-24"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-10-24"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2023-10-24"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/48519">https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/48519</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses the pathogenetic and clinical aspects of vestibular and cochlear disorders such as dizziness, tympanophony, and vestibular ataxia. It is emphasized that the vestibular system provides not only the relationship between motor and sensory processes but its functions are also much more significant. The uniqueness of the vestibular system consists of its multisensory cortical projections. The analysis of vestibular information is provided by a network of connections, which its epicenter is located in the depths of the Sylvian fissure and the surrounding parietal-temporal regions, and the retroinsular region. It has been suggested that the vestibular cortex can be considered a network of connections between all cortical areas receiving impulses from the vestibular system, including regions where vestibular information affects the analysis of other sensory (i.e., somatosensory and visual) and motor activity. The pathogenetic mechanisms of dizziness, tympanophony, and ataxia are discussed. The conclusion is made about the significance of connectome disorders in this patient category.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье рассматриваются патогенетические и клинические особенности вестибулярных и кохлеарных расстройств – головокружения, шума в ушах и вестибулярной атаксии. Подчеркивается, что вестибулярная система обеспечивает не только связь между двигательными и сенсорными процессами, но и то, что ее функции гораздо более значительны. Уникальность вестибулярной системы заключается в ее мультисенсорных кортикальных проекциях. Анализ вестибулярной информации обеспечивается сетью связей, эпицентр которых располагается в глубине сильвиевой борозды и окружающих теменно-височных отделах, и ретроинсулярной области. Высказывается предположение о том, что вестибулярную кору можно рассматривать как сеть связей между всеми корковыми областями, получающими импульсацию от вестибулярной системы, включая отделы, в которых вестибулярная информация влияет на анализ другой сенсорной (т.е. соматосенсорной и зрительной) и моторной активности. Рассматриваются патогенетические механизмы возникновения головокружения, шума в ушах и атаксии. Делается вывод о значимости нарушений коннектома у данной категории больных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>vestibular system</kwd><kwd>dizziness</kwd><kwd>tinnitus</kwd><kwd>vestibular ataxia</kwd><kwd>human connectome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>вестибулярная система</kwd><kwd>головокружение</kwd><kwd>шум в ушах</kwd><kwd>вестибулярная атаксия</kwd><kwd>коннектом</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Neuhauser H.K. The epidemiology of dizziness and vertigo. In: Furman J.M., Lempert T., eds. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Neuro-Otology. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2016:67-82. Doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63437-5.00005-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Goldberg G.M. Multisensory vestibular inputs: the vestibular system. In: Pfaff D.W., ed. Neuroscience in the 21st Century: From Basic to Clinical. 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