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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-2106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9100</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">545995</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/medjrf545995</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Biomarkers and prognostic models for severe COVID-19 in comparison with other etiologies of sepsis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Биомаркеры и прогностические модели тяжёлого течения COVID-19 в сравнении с сепсисом другой этиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-1259</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1537-9822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sсherbak</surname><given-names>Sergey G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербак</surname><given-names>Сергей Григорьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, dr. sci. (med.), professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>b40@zdrav.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3198-8990</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7922-2751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarana</surname><given-names>Andrey M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сарана</surname><given-names>Андрей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, cand. sci. (med.), associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>asarana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1176-794X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7922-7302</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vologzhanin</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вологжанин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, dr. sci. med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>volog@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5632-3963</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7234-7870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golota</surname><given-names>Aleksandr S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голота</surname><given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, cand. sci. (med.), associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>golotaa@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-132X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2922-4404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamilova</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камилова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Аскаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>cand. sci. (biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н.</p></bio><email>kamilovaspb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1595-6668</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8114-3984</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarenko</surname><given-names>Stanislav V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаренко</surname><given-names>Станислав Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>st.makarenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Hospital No. 40 Kurortny District</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская больница № 40 Курортного района</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St Petersburg University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Health Committee of the Administration of Saint Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Комитет по здравоохранению Администрации Санкт-Петербурга</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Hospital No. 40 Kurortny District</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская больница № 40 Курортного административного района</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Hospital No. 40 Kurortny District</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская больница № 40 Курортного района</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>325</fpage><lpage>348</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-11"><day>11</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-18"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-09-08"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/545995">https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/545995</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Severe COVID-19 shares pathophysiological, immunological, metabolic, and clinical features with classic bacterial sepsis. Patients with severe COVID-19 have sepsis-like manifestations, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure. However, research indicates that COVID-19 leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome and that septic syndrome is more fatal than septic syndrome of other etiologies. SARS-CoV-2 initially infects the lungs; however, in COVID-19-associated sepsis, the majority of deaths are caused by the subsequent involvement of multiple organs. Many patients who died because of COVID-19 died from sepsis, a life-threatening dysfunctional response to infection that is accompanied by respiratory and multiple organ failure.</p> <p>Overlapping molecular characteristics are found in patients with severe COVID-19 and sepsis from all causes. Endotypes that reflect different etiologies of sepsis have been identified in patients with severe COVID-19. Whole-blood proteomics and transcriptomics are useful in identifying the pathogenetic mechanisms and multimolecular signatures of COVID-associated sepsis and other sepsis, which allow for the development of more specific criteria for early diagnosis, patient classification, and therapeutic choices.</p> <p>The detection of sepsis endotypes in patients with COVID-19 implies that sepsis endotypes may be useful for clinical risk stratification in COVID-associated sepsis and the potential opportunity to treat these patients with targeted immunomodulatory therapies that can correct endotype-specific dysfunctional immune processes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В наиболее тяжёлой форме COVID-19 имеет общие патофизиологические, иммунологические, метаболические и клинические характеристики с классическим бактериальным сепсисом. У пациентов с тяжёлым течением COVID-19 наблюдаются проявления заболевания, характерные для сепсиса, включая острый респираторный дистресс-синдром и полиорганную недостаточность. Однако результаты исследований указывают на то, что инфекция COVID-19, вызывающая острый респираторный дистресс-синдром и септический синдром, более фатальна, чем септический синдром другой этиологии. Коронавирус SARS-CoV-2 первоначально поражает лёгкие, но при COVID-ассоциированном сепсисе причиной большинства летальных исходов является последующее поражение нескольких органов. Становится всё более очевидным, что многие пациенты, умершие от COVID-19, умерли из-за сепсиса — опасной для жизни дисфункциональной реакции на инфекцию, которая сопровождается дыхательной и полиорганной недостаточностью.</p> <p>У пациентов с тяжёлыми инфекциями SARS-CoV-2 и сепсисом от всех причин обнаруживаются перекрывающиеся молекулярные характеристики. Эндотипы, отражающие различные этиологии сепсиса, идентифицированы в группах пациентов с тяжёлым течением COVID-19. Протеомика и транскриптомика цельной крови оказались полезными для идентификации патогенетических механизмов и мультимолекулярных сигнатур COVID-ассоциированного сепсиса и сепсиса другой этиологии, что позволяет разработать более конкретные критерии для ранней диагностики, классификации пациентов и обоснования терапевтического выбора.</p> <p>Обнаружение эндотипов сепсиса у пациентов с COVID-19 подразумевает, что они могут быть полезны для стратификации клинического риска у пациентов с COVID-ассоциированным сепсисом и что существует потенциальная возможность лечить этих пациентов с помощью таргетной иммуномодулирующей терапии, которая корректирует дисфункциональные иммунные процессы, характерные для определённого эндотипа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>sepsis</kwd><kwd>immune dysfunction</kwd><kwd>acute respiratory distress syndrome</kwd><kwd>multiple organ failure</kwd><kwd>coronavirus SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>endotype</kwd><kwd>proteomics</kwd><kwd>transcriptomics</kwd><kwd>biomarker</kwd><kwd>molecular signature</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>сепсис</kwd><kwd>иммунная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>острый респираторный дистресс-синдром</kwd><kwd>полиорганная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>коронавирус SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>эндотип</kwd><kwd>протеомика</kwd><kwd>транскриптомика</kwd><kwd>биомаркер</kwd><kwd>молекулярная сигнатура</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buturovic L, Zheng H, Tang B, et al. 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