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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-2106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9100</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">59658</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/0869-2106-2020-26-5-326-330</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Calcification of the basal ganglia: ethiopathogenetic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Кальцификация базальных ганглиев: этиопатогенетические, клинические и терапевтические аспекты</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-5537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Damulin</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дамулин</surname><given-names>Игорь Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSc, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., профессор</p></bio><email>damulin@mmascience.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>Alexandr D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>Александр Денисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alex10_97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Medical Institute of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский институт ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» (РУДН)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-10-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>326</fpage><lpage>330</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2024-01-28"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/59658">https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/59658</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article discusses the clinical manifestations, etiology, and pathogenesis of Fahr disease, as well as causes of Fahr syndrome. This condition is characterized by abnormal calcium deposition, most commonly in the basal ganglia. Calcifications are composed not only of calcium, but also of iron, zinc, and aluminum. At present, several basic concepts of Fahr disease etiology have been put forward, and concepts considering genetic mutations have been studied most profoundly. Both Fahr syndrome and Fahr disease demonstrate a very similar clinical picture. Clinical manifestations in patients with this pathology are marked by significant polymorphism; however, the most typical variation of Fahr disease is the association of motor functions and mental disorders. As for motor functions disorders, Parkinsonism accounts for more than half of the cases. With regards to this pathology, this article considers the key diagnostic criteria and potential of brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance tomography. At present, pathogenetic treatment of Fahr disease does not exist, while Fahr syndrome therapy is focused on diagnostics and treatment of the underlying disease. Pharmacotherapy treatment for Fahr disease is targeted at anxiety and depression relief, as well as reduction of motor functions disorder manifestation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье рассматриваются клинические проявления, этиология и патогенез болезни Фара, а также причины синдрома Фара. Эти состояния характеризуются аномальным отложением кальция, чаще всего в базальных ганглиях. Кальцификации состоят не только из кальция, но также из железа, цинка и алюминия. На сегодняшний день предложены несколько основных концепций этиологии болезни Фара, среди которых более подробно изучены генетические мутации. Клиническая картина имеет сходные проявления при синдроме Фара и болезни Фара. Характер клинических проявлений при данной патологии отличается значительным полиморфизмом, однако наиболее типичным вариантом БФ является наличие двигательных нарушений и психических расстройств. Среди двигательных нарушений более чем в половине случаев отмечается паркинсонизм. В статье рассматриваются ключевые критерии диагностики и диагностические возможности при этой патологии компьютерной томографии и магнитно-резонансной томографии головного мозга. На текущий момент не существует патогенетического лечения болезни Фара, а терапия синдрома Фара связана с диагностикой и лечением основного заболевания. При болезни Фара фармакотерапевтический подход направлен на снятия тревоги и депрессии, а также для уменьшения выраженности двигательных расстройств.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>Fahr disease</kwd><kwd>Fahr syndrome</kwd><kwd>clinical manifestations</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>болезнь Фара</kwd><kwd>синдром Фара</kwd><kwd>клиника</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>диагностика, лечение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Manyam B.V., Bhatt M.H., Moore W.D., Devleschoward A.B., Anderson D.R., Calne D.B. Bilateral strio-pallido-dentate calcinosis: cerebrospinal fluid, imaging, and electrophysiological studies. Ann. Neurol. 1992;31(4):379-84. Doi: 10.1002/ana.410310406.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Abubakar S., Saidu S. 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