<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-2106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9100</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">627266</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/medjrf627266</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Interrelation between gut microbiota and bronchial asthma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Взаимосвязь кишечной микробиоты и бронхиальной астмы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5433-1783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Potaman</surname><given-names>Anastasia M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потаман</surname><given-names>Анастасия Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mpsakura@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1079-2558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pyatysheva</surname><given-names>Polina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пятышева</surname><given-names>Полина Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>polina.pyatysheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3045-8764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotnikova</surname><given-names>Ksenia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотникова</surname><given-names>Ксения Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>missis.plotnikova-xiusha@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2683-8348</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4955-4997</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kobak</surname><given-names>Maria-Mishel M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кобак</surname><given-names>Мария-Мишель Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mariamishelkobak@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0652-1469</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7907-3271</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdusalamov</surname><given-names>Ahmed R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдусаламов</surname><given-names>Ахмед Расулович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>abdusalamoff.13@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9939-3443</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9133-3802</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Raevskiy</surname><given-names>Kirill P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раевский</surname><given-names>Кирилл Павлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>raevskiykirill17@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-04-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-05-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>191</fpage><lpage>201</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-02-20"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-21"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-05-17"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/627266">https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/627266</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Bronchial asthma is a chronic disease of the respiratory tract, and its etiology and pathogenesis have not been studied adequately. Many authors suggest that intestinal microbiota significantly contributed to its etiology. The existence of a gut–lung connection, through which bacterial metabolites influence airway sensibilization, has been proven. Certainly, the formation of this connection in childhood is important. This study provides a review of indigenous and foreign studies concerning the influence of the quantitative and qualitative compositions of intestinal microbiota and certain metabolites of commensals on the manifestation of bronchial asthma. This topic is relevant because of the widespread overuse of antibiotic therapy and the availability of possible ways to prevent the development of bronchial asthma if the influence of the microbiota on its pathogenesis is detected.</p> <p>This study also tried to examine the influence of antibiotic therapy on pregnant women and young children at risk of bronchial asthma, a relationship confirmed in many studies. Despite the large number of studies, the use of probiotics for the treatment and prevention of this disease is still debatable.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Бронхиальная астма является хроническим заболеванием дыхательных путей с недостаточно изученной этиологией и патогенезом. Многими авторами предполагается значимый вклад кишечной микробиоты в этиологию данной патологии. Доказано существование оси кишечник–лёгкие, благодаря которой происходит влияние бактериальных метаболитов на сенсибилизацию дыхательных путей. Важную роль играет формирование этой связи в детском возрасте.</p> <p>Проведён обзор отечественной и зарубежной литературы, посвящённой исследованию влияния количественного и качественного состава кишечной микробиоты, а также определённых метаболитов бактерий-комменсалов на манифестацию бронхиальной астмы. Данная тема особо актуальна в наше время благодаря широкому, часто необоснованному использованию антибактериальной терапии, а также интересна в плане исследования возможных путей профилактики манифестации данного заболевания в случае обнаружения влияния микробиоты на патогенез бронхиальной астмы.</p> <p>Особый интерес представляет вопрос влияния антибактериальной терапии беременных и детей раннего возраста на риск развития бронхиальной астмы. Во многих исследованиях данная взаимосвязь была подтверждена. Однако, несмотря на большое количество публикаций, по прежнему дискуссионной остаётся тема применения пробиотиков для лечения и профилактики этого заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>intestinal microbiota</kwd><kwd>gut–lung connection</kwd><kwd>antibiotic therapy</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>immune system</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>ось кишечник–лёгкие</kwd><kwd>антибактериальная терапия</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>иммунная система</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://www.who.int/ru/ [Internet]. World Health Organization. Asthma [updated 2023 May 4; cited 2024 Feb 8]. Available from: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://www.who.int/ru/ [интернет]. Всемирная Организация Здравоохранения. Астма. Режим доступа: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma Дата обращения: 08.02.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holtjer JCS, Bloemsma LD, Beijers RJHCG, et al. Identifying risk factors for COPD and adult-onset asthma: an umbrella review. Eur Respir Rev. 2023;32(168):230009. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0009-2023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holtjer J.C.S, Bloemsma L.D., Beijers R.J.H.C.G., et al. Identifying risk factors for COPD and adult-onset asthma: an umbrella review // Eur Respir Rev. 2023. Vol. 32, N 168. P. 230009. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0009-2023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zol’nikova OYu. Microbiota of the intestine and respiratory tract as a pathogenetic link in bronchial asthma [dissertation]. Moscow; 2020. Available from: https://www.dissercat.com/content/mikrobiota-kishechnika-i-dykhatelnykh-putei-kak-patogeneticheskoe-zveno-bronkhialnoi-astmy (In Russ). EDN: JXRZPX</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зольникова О.Ю. Микробиота кишечника и дыхательных путей как патогенетическое звено бронхиальной астмы: дис. … д-ра мед. наук. Москва, 2020. Режим доступа: https://www.dissercat.com/content/mikrobiota-kishechnika-i-dykhatelnykh-putei-kak-patogeneticheskoe-zveno-bronkhialnoi-astmy Дата обращения: 08.02.2024. EDN: JXRZPX</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potskherashvili ND, Zolnikova OYu, Ivashkin VT. The role of the intestinal microbiota in pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Molecular Medicine. 2022;20(3):11–19. EDN: WBXSVK doi: 10.29296/24999490-2022-03-02</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поцхверашвили Н.Д., Зольникова О.Ю., Ивашкин В.Т. Роль микробиоты кишечника в патогенезе бронхиальной астмы // Молекулярная медицина. 2022. Т. 20, № 3. С. 11–19. EDN: WBXSVK doi: 10.29296/24999490-2022-03-02</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nora SA, Kropachev IG, Arkhipov GS. Role of microbiotic factor in development of allergic diseases. Vestnik Novsu. 2020;(3):52–55. EDN: KMSSBS doi: 10.34680/2076-8052.2020.3(119).52-55</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нора С.А., Кропачев И.Г., Архипов Г.С. Роль микробиотического фактора в развитии аллергических заболеваний // Вестник Новгородского государственного университета. 2020. № 3. С. 52–55. EDN: KMSSBS doi: 10.34680/2076-8052.2020.3(119).52-55</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akagawa S, Kaneko K. Gut microbiota and allergic diseases in children. Allergol Int. 2022;71(3):301–309. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.02.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akagawa S., Kaneko K. Gut microbiota and allergic diseases in children // Allergol Int. 2022. Vol. 71, N 3. P. 301–309. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.02.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang C, Du W, Ni Y, et al. The effect of short-chain fatty acids on M2 macrophages polarization in vitro and in vivo. Clin Exp Immunol. 2022;207(1):53–64. doi: 10.1093/cei/uxab028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang C., Du W., Ni Y., et al. The effect of short-chain fatty acids on M2 macrophages polarization in vitro and in vivo // Clin Exp Immunol. 2022. Vol. 207, N 1. P. 53–64. doi: 10.1093/cei/uxab028</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Priputnevich TV, Isaeva EL, Muravieva VV, et al. Development of the gut microbiota of term and late preterm newborn infants. Neonatology: News, Views, Education. 2023;11(1):42–56. EDN: DXEIBL doi: 10.33029/2308-2402-2023-11-1-42-56</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Припутневич Т.В., Исаева Е.Л., Муравьева В.В., и др. Cтановление микробиоты кишечника доношенных и поздних недоношенных детей, рожденных самопроизвольно и путем операции кесарева сечения // Неонатология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2023. Т. 11, № 1. С. 42–56. EDN: DXEIBL doi: 10.33029/2308-2402-2023-11-1-42-56</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barcik W, Pugin B, Brescó MS, et al. Bacterial secretion of histamine within the gut influences immune responses within the lung. Allergy. 2019;74(5):899–909. doi: 10.1111/all.13709</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barcik W., Pugin B., Brescó M.S., et al. Bacterial secretion of histamine within the gut influences immune responses within the lung // Allergy. 2019. Vol. 74, N 5. P. 899–909. doi: 10.1111/all.13709</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roduit C, Frei R, Ferstl R, et al. High levels of butyrate and propionate in early life are associated with protection against atopy. Allergy. 2019;74(4):799–809. doi: 10.1111/all.13660</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roduit C., Frei R., Ferstl R., et al. High levels of butyrate and propionate in early life are associated with protection against atopy // Allergy. 2019. Vol. 74, N 4. P. 799–809. doi: 10.1111/all.13660</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yip W, Hughes MR, Li Y, et al. Butyrate shapes immune cell fate and function in allergic asthma. Front Immunol. 2021;12:628453. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628453</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yip W., Hughes M.R., Li Y., et al. butyrate shapes immune cell fate and function in allergic asthma // Front Immunol. 2021. Vol. 12. P. 628453. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628453</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bao C. Liu C, Liu Q, et al. Liproxstatin-1 alleviates LPS/IL-13-induced bronchial epithelial cell injury and neutrophilic asthma in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2022;109:108770. Corrected and republished from: Int Immunopharmacol. 2023;115:109482. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108770</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bao C., Liu C., Liu Q., et al. Liproxstatin-1 alleviates LPS/IL-13-induced bronchial epithelial cell injury and neutrophilic asthma in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis // Int Immunopharmacol. 2022. Vol. 109. P. 108770. Corrected and republished from: Int Immunopharmacol. 2023. Vol. 115. P. 109482. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108770</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thorne PS. Environmental endotoxin exposure and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;148(1):61–63. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thorne P.S. Environmental endotoxin exposure and asthma // J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021. Vol. 148, N 1. P. 61–63. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nath S, Kitsios GD, Bos LDJ. Gut-lung crosstalk during critical illness. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2023;29(2):130–137. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nath S., Kitsios G.D., Bos L.D.J. Gut-lung crosstalk during critical illness // Curr Opin Crit Care. 2023. Vol. 29, N 2. P. 130–137. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chunxi L, Haiyue L, Yanxia L, et al. The gut microbiota and respiratory diseases: new evidence. J Immunol Res. 2020;2020:2340670. doi: 10.1155/2020/2340670</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chunxi L., Haiyue L., Yanxia L., et al. The gut microbiota and respiratory diseases: new evidence // J Immunol Res. 2020. Vol. 2020. P. 2340670. doi: 10.1155/2020/2340670</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cuna A, Morowitz MJ, Ahmed I, et al. Dynamics of the preterm gut microbiome in health and disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2021;320(4):G411–G419. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00399.2020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cuna A., Morowitz M.J., Ahmed I., et al. Dynamics of the preterm gut microbiome in health and disease // Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2021. Vol. 320, N 4. P. G411–G419. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00399.2020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arrieta MC, Stiemsma LT, Dimitriu PA, et al. Early infancy microbial and metabolic alterations affect risk of childhood asthma. Sci Transl Med. 2015;7(307):307ra152. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aab2271</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arrieta M.C., Stiemsma L.T., Dimitriu P.A., et al. Early infancy microbial and metabolic alterations affect risk of childhood asthma // Sci Transl Med. 2015. Vol. 7, N 307. P. 307ra152. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aab2271</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernatowicz P, Pampuch A, Zywno H, Kowal K. Effect of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract on the expression of genes involved in inflammation and tissue remodeling by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allergic asthma patients. Adv Med Sci. 2022;67(2):234–240. doi: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.05.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernatowicz P., Pampuch A., Zywno H., Kowal K. Effect of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract on the expression of genes involved in inflammation and tissue remodeling by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allergic asthma patients // Adv Med Sci. 2022. Vol. 67, N 2. P. 234–240. doi: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.05.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matalygina ОА. The role of intestinal endotoxin in the formation and course of bronchial asthma. Medicine: Theory and Practice. 2022;7(2):29–37. EDN: VYZTPY doi: 10.56871/2074.2022.95.50.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маталыгина О.А. Роль кишечного эндотоксина в формировании и течении бронхиальной астмы // Медицина: теория и практика. 2022. T. 7, № 2. С. 29–37. EDN: VYZTPY doi: 10.56871/2074.2022.95.50.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zolnikova OYu, Ivaschkin KV, Bueverova EL, Ivaschkin VT. Intestinal microbiota, nutrients and probiotics viewed from the “gut-lung” axis. Problems of Nutrition. 2019;88(3):13–22. EDN: NGHUZZ doi: 10.24411/0042-8833-2019-10025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зольникова О.Ю., Ивашкин К.В., Буеверова Е.Л., Ивашкин В.Т. Микробиота кишечника, нутриенты и пробиотики с позиции взаимодействия оси кишка–легкие // Вопросы питания. 2019. T. 88, № 3. C. 13–22. EDN: NGHUZZ doi: 10.24411/0042-8833-2019-10025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iddrisu I, Monteagudo-Mera A, Poveda C, et al. Malnutrition and gut microbiota in children. Nutrients. 2021;13(8):2727. doi: 10.3390/nu13082727</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iddrisu I., Monteagudo-Mera A., Poveda C., et al. Malnutrition and gut microbiota in children // Nutrients. 2021. Vol. 13, N 8. P. 2727. doi: 10.3390/nu13082727</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zolnikova ОYu, Potskherashvili ND, Kudryavtseva AV. Changes in gut microbiota with bronchial asthma. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2020;92(3):56–60. EDN: IUBXRB doi: 10.26442/00403660.2020.03.000554</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зольникова О.Ю., Поцхверашвили Н.Д., Кудрявцева А.В., и др. Изменение кишечного микробиома при бронхиальной астме // Терапевтический архив. 2020. Т. 92, № 3. С. 56–60. EDN: IUBXRB doi: 10.26442/00403660.2020.03.000554</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galeana-Cadena D, Gómez-García IA, Lopez-Salinas KG, et al. Winds of change a tale of: asthma and microbiome. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1295215. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1295215</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galeana-Cadena D., Gómez-García I.A., Lopez-Salinas K.G., et al. Winds of change a tale of: asthma and microbiome // Front Microbiol. 2023. Vol. 14. P. 1295215. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1295215</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang L, Cai Y, Garssen J, et al. The bidirectional gut-lung axis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023;207(9):1145–1160. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202206-1066T</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang L., Cai Y., Garssen J., et al. The bidirectional gut-lung axis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease // Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023. Vol. 207, N 9. P. 1145–1160. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202206-1066TR</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scott NA, Mann ER. Regulation of mononuclear phagocyte function by the microbiota at mucosal sites. Immunology. 2020; 159(1):26–38. doi: 10.1111/imm.13155</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scott N.A., Mann E.R. Regulation of mononuclear phagocyte function by the microbiota at mucosal sites // Immunology. 2020. Vol. 159, N 1. P. 26–38. doi: 10.1111/imm.13155</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">von Mutius E, Smits HH. Primary prevention of asthma: from risk and protective factors to targeted strategies for prevention. Lancet. 2020;396(10254):854–866. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31861-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">von Mutius E., Smits H.H. Primary prevention of asthma: from risk and protective factors to targeted strategies for prevention // Lancet. 2020. Vol. 396, N 10254. P. 854–866. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31861-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vercelli D. Microbiota and human allergic diseases: the company we keep. Curr Opin Immunol. 2021;72:215–220. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.06.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vercelli D. Microbiota and human allergic diseases: the company we keep // Curr Opin Immunol. 2021. Vol. 72. P. 215–220. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.06.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Durack J, Kimes NE, Lin DL, et al. Delayed gut microbiota development in high-risk for asthma infants is temporarily modifiable by Lactobacillus supplementation. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):707. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03157-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Durack J., Kimes N.E., Lin D.L., et al. Delayed gut microbiota development in high-risk for asthma infants is temporarily modifiable by Lactobacillus supplementation // Nat Commun. 2018. Vol. 9, N 1. P. 707. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03157-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazurina SA, Gervazieva VB, Sveranovskaya VV. Intestinal microbiota and allergic diseases. Jurnal infektologii. 2020;12(2): 19–29. EDN: KHSKMR doi: 10.22625/2072-6732-2020-12-2-19-29</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мазурина С.А., Гервазиева В.Б., Сверановская В.В. Микробиота кишечника и аллергические заболевания // Журнал инфектологии. 2020. Т. 12, № 2. С. 19–29. EDN: KHSKMR doi: 10.22625/2072-6732-2020-12-2-19-29</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng RY, Yao JR, Wan Q, et al. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115 to neonatal mice may alleviate IgE-mediated allergic risk in adulthood. Benef Microbes. 2018;9(5): 815–828. doi: 10.3920/BM2018.0005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng R.Y., Yao J.R., Wan Q., et al. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115 to neonatal mice may alleviate IgE-mediated allergic risk in adulthood // Benef Microbes. 2018. Vol. 9, N 5. P. 815–828. doi: 10.3920/BM2018.0005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao Q, Elson CO. Adaptive immune education by gut microbiota antigens. Immunology. 2018;154(1):28–37. doi: 10.1111/imm.12896</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao Q., Elson C.O. Adaptive immune education by gut microbiota antigens // Immunology. 2018. Vol. 154, N 1. P. 28–37. doi: 10.1111/imm.12896</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feehley T, Plunkett CH, Bao R, et al. Healthy infants harbor intestinal bacteria that protect against food allergy. Nat Med. 2019;25(3):448–453. doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0324-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feehley T., Plunkett C.H., Bao R., et al. Healthy infants harbor intestinal bacteria that protect against food allergy // Nat Med. 2019. Vol. 25, N 3. P. 448–453. doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0324-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dang AT, Marsland BJ. Microbes, metabolites, and the gut-lung axis. Mucosal Immunol. 2019;12(4):843–850. doi: 10.1038/s41385-019-0160-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dang A.T., Marsland B.J. Microbes, metabolites, and the gut-lung axis // Mucosal Immunol. 2019. Vol. 12, N 4. P. 843–850. doi: 10.1038/s41385-019-0160-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaur K, Bachus H, Lewis C, et al. GM-CSF production by non-classical monocytes controls antagonistic LPS-driven functions in allergic inflammation. Cell Rep. 2021;37(13):110178. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110178</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaur K., Bachus H., Lewis C., et al. GM-CSF production by non-classical monocytes controls antagonistic LPS-driven functions in allergic inflammation // Cell Rep. 2021. Vol. 37, N 13. P. 110178. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110178</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parada Venegas D, De la Fuente MK, Landskron G, et al. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-mediated gut epithelial and immune regulation and its relevance for inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Immunol. 2019;10:277. Corrected and republished from: Front Immunol. 2019;10:1486. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00277</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parada Venegas D., De la Fuente M.K., Landskron G., et al. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-mediated gut epithelial and immune regulation and its relevance for inflammatory bowel diseases // Front Immunol. 2019. Vol. 10. P. 277. Corrected and republished from: Front Immunol. 2019. Vol. 10. P. 1486. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00277</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuan X, Tang H, Wu R, et al. Short-chain fatty acids calibrate rarα activity regulating food sensitization. Front Immunol. 2021;12:737658. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737658</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuan X., Tang H., Wu R., et al. Short-chain fatty acids calibrate rarα activity regulating food sensitization // Front Immunol. 2021. Vol. 12. P. 737658. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737658</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyamoto J, Igarashi M, Watanabe K, et al. Gut microbiota confers host resistance to obesity by metabolizing dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):4007. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11978-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyamoto J., Igarashi M., Watanabe K., et al. Gut microbiota confers host resistance to obesity by metabolizing dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids // Nat Commun. 2019. Vol. 10, N 1. P. 4007. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11978-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim S, Lee S, Kim TY, et al. Newly isolated Lactobacillus paracasei strain modulates lung immunity and improves the capacity to cope with influenza virus infection. Microbiome. 2023;11(1):260. doi: 10.1186/s40168-023-01687-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim S., Lee S., Kim T.Y., et al. Newly isolated Lactobacillus paracasei strain modulates lung immunity and improves the capacity to cope with influenza virus infection // Microbiome. 2023. Vol. 11, N 1. P. 260. doi: 10.1186/s40168-023-01687-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esmaeili SA, Hajavi J. The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in allergic disorders. Mol Biol Rep. 2022;49(4):3297–3306. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-07067-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Esmaeili S.A., Hajavi J. The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in allergic disorders // Mol Biol Rep. 2022. Vol. 49, N 4. P. 3297–3306. doi: 10.1007/s11033-021-07067-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Su X, Gao Y, Yang R. Gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites maintain gut and systemic homeostasis. Cells. 2022;11(15):2296. doi: 10.3390/cells11152296</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su X., Gao Y., Yang R. Gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites maintain gut and systemic homeostasis // Cells. 2022. Vol. 11, N 15. P. 2296. doi: 10.3390/cells11152296</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ver Heul A, Planer J, Kau AL. The human microbiota and asthma. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2019;57(3):350–363. doi: 10.1007/s12016-018-8719-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ver Heul A., Planer J., Kau A.L. The human microbiota and asthma // Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2019. Vol. 57, N 3. P. 350–363. doi: 10.1007/s12016-018-8719-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hufnagl K, Pali-Schöll I, Roth-Walter F, Jensen-Jarolim E. Dysbiosis of the gut and lung microbiome has a role in asthma. Semin Immunopathol. 2020;42(1):75–93. doi: 10.1007/s00281-019-00775-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hufnagl K., Pali-Schöll I., Roth-Walter F., Jensen-Jarolim E. Dysbiosis of the gut and lung microbiome has a role in asthma // Semin Immunopathol. 2020. Vol. 42, N 1. P. 75–93. doi: 10.1007/s00281-019-00775-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borbet TC, Zhang X, Müller A, Blaser MJ. The role of the changing human microbiome in the asthma pandemic. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019;144(6):1457–1466. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.10.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borbet T.C., Zhang X., Müller A., Blaser M.J. The role of the changing human microbiome in the asthma pandemic // J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019. Vol. 144, N 6. P. 1457–1466. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.10.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozerskaia IV, Geppe NA, Romantseva EV, Yablokova EA. Prospects for the correction of intestinal microbiota in the prevention and treatment of asthma in children. Problems of Nutrition. 2021;90(4):74–83. EDN: AYSVRF doi: 10.33029/0042-8833-2021-90-4-74-83</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Озерская И.В., Геппе Н.А., Романцева Е.В., Яблокова Е.А. Перспективы коррекции микробиоты кишечника в профилактике и лечении астмы у детей // Вопросы питания. 2021. T. 90, № 4. C. 74–83. EDN: AYSVRF doi: 10.33029/0042-8833-2021-90-4-74-83</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarova SG, Namazova-Baranova LS, Ereshko OA, et al. Intestinal microbiota and allergy. probiotics and prebiotics in prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Pediatric Pharmacology. 2019;16(1):7–18. EDN: FKACIA doi: 10.15690/pf.v16i1.1999</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макарова С.Г., Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Ерешко О.А., и др. Кишечная микробиота и аллергия. Про- и пребиотики в профилактике и лечении аллергических заболеваний // Педиатрическая фармакология. 2019. T. 16, № 1. С. 7–18. EDN: FKACIA doi: 10.15690/pf.v16i1.1999</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu Z, Mehrabi Nasab E, Arora P, Athari SS. Study effect of probiotics and prebiotics on treatment of OVA-LPS-induced of allergic asthma inflammation and pneumonia by regulating the TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway. J Transl Med. 2022;20(1):130. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03337-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Z., Mehrabi Nasab E., Arora P., Athari S.S. Study effect of probiotics and prebiotics on treatment of OVA-LPS-induced of allergic asthma inflammation and pneumonia by regulating the TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway // J Transl Med. 2022. Vol. 20, N 1. P. 130. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03337-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uwaezuoke SN, Ayuk AC, Eze JN, et al. Postnatal probiotic supplementation can prevent and optimize treatment of childhood asthma and atopic disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:956141. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.956141</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uwaezuoke S.N., Ayuk A.C., Eze J.N., et al. Postnatal probiotic supplementation can prevent and optimize treatment of childhood asthma and atopic disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials // Front Pediatr. 2022. Vol. 10. P. 956141. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.956141</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ciprandi G, Tosca MA. Probiotics in children with asthma. Children (Basel). 2022;9(7):978. doi: 10.3390/children9070978</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ciprandi G., Tosca M.A. Probiotics in children with asthma // Children (Basel). 2022. Vol. 9, N 7. P. 978. doi: 10.3390/children9070978</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chiu CJ, Huang MT. Asthma in the precision medicine era: biologics and probiotics. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(9):4528. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094528</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chiu C.J., Huang M.T. Asthma in the precision medicine era: biologics and probiotics // Int J Mol Sci. 2021. Vol. 22, N 9. P. 4528. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094528</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wawryk-Gawda E, Markut-Miotła E, Emeryk A. Postnatal probiotics administration does not prevent asthma in children, but using prebiotics or synbiotics may be the effective potential strategies to decrease the frequency of asthma in high-risk children — a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2021;49(4):4–14. doi: 10.15586/aei.v49i4.69</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wawryk-Gawda E., Markut-Miotła E., Emeryk A. Postnatal probiotics administration does not prevent asthma in children, but using prebiotics or synbiotics may be the effective potential strategies to decrease the frequency of asthma in high-risk children — a meta-analysis of clinical trials // Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2021. Vol. 49, N 4. P. 4–14. doi: 10.15586/aei.v49i4.69</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martinelli M, Banderali G, Bobbio M, et al. Probiotics’ efficacy in paediatric diseases: which is the evidence? A critical review on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatrics. Ital J Pediatr. 2020;46(1):104. Corrected and republished from: Ital J Pediatr. 2020;46(1):116. doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-00862-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martinelli M., Banderali G., Bobbio M., et al. Probiotics’ efficacy in paediatric diseases: which is the evidence? A critical review on behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatrics // Ital J Pediatr. 2020. Vol. 46, N 1. P. 104. Corrected and republished from: Ital J Pediatr. 2020. Vol. 46, N 1. P. 116. doi: 10.1186/s13052-020-00862-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colquitt AS, Miles EA, Calder PC. Do probiotics in pregnancy reduce allergies and asthma in infancy and childhood? A systematic review. Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1852. doi: 10.3390/nu14091852</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colquitt A.S., Miles E.A., Calder P.C. Do probiotics in pregnancy reduce allergies and asthma in infancy and childhood? A systematic review // Nutrients. 2022. Vol. 14, N 9. P. 1852. doi: 10.3390/nu14091852</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen N, Liu F, Gao Q, et al. A meta-analysis of probiotics for the treatment of allergic airway diseases in children and adolescents. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2022;36(4):480–490. Corrected and republished from: Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2023:19458924231205963. doi: 10.1177/19458924221080159</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen N., Liu F., Gao Q., et al. A meta-analysis of probiotics for the treatment of allergic airway diseases in children and adolescents // Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2022. Vol. 36, N 4. P. 480–490. Corrected and republished from: Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2023. P. 19458924231205963. doi: 10.1177/19458924221080159</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
