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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-2106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9100</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">641965</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/medjrf641965</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FTNPNG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Antidepressants and older age: risks of pharmacotherapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Антидепрессанты и пожилой возраст: риски фармакотерапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-1071</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2583-7860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukushkin</surname><given-names>German V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кукушкин</surname><given-names>Герман Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>germanpharm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-8736</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6403-4087</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurov</surname><given-names>Dmitry E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юров</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>dmpharm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0369-0233</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3773-4195</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>lena_vk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2192-9649</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burenkova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буренкова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>burenkova2004@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3800-4408</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Devushkin</surname><given-names>Daniil A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Девушкин</surname><given-names>Даниил Антонович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ddanyuha@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>289</fpage><lpage>297</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-16"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-30"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-07-11"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/641965">https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/641965</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>High prevalence of depression among older adults is a significant global public health concern. The situation is further aggravated by population aging, which increases the number of individuals requiring care. Alongside with psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy is widely used in depression management. However, its use in older adults poses substantial challenges due to age-related physiological changes and an elevated risk of adverse drug reactions. Multimorbidity and associated polypharmacy further contribute to the likelihood of harmful drug-drug interactions. In addition, aging-related changes affect drug elimination.</p> <p>Various classes of antidepressants with generally comparable efficacy are available on the pharmaceutical market. Tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline and imipramine, are not recommended in older adults due to a high incidence of adverse effects, including sedation, dry mouth, constipation, and orthostatic hypotension. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as fluoxetine, sertraline, and citalopram, have a more favorable safety profile and are considered first-line agents in the treatment of depression in the elderly, although they are not without drawbacks. Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, such as venlafaxine and duloxetine, act on two neurotransmitter systems, which may increase the likelihood of adverse effects. Atypical antidepressants (mirtazapine, trazodone, vortioxetine, and agomelatine) constitute a heterogeneous group of agents that differ in their mechanisms of action and safety profiles.</p> <p>Thus, when treating older adults, the rational choice of an antidepressant should consider its side effect profile, potential drug interactions, comorbid conditions, and cost of therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Высокая распространённость депрессии среди пожилых людей является значимой проблемой здравоохранения во всём мире. Старение населения лишь усугубляет эту ситуацию, увеличивая число пациентов, нуждающихся в помощи. Наряду с психотерапевтическими методами лечения депрессии широкое применение находит медикаментозная терапия. Однако её использование у пожилых пациентов сопряжено со значительными трудностями, обусловленными возрастными изменениями организма и высоким риском развития нежелательных реакций на лекарственные препараты. Определённую негативную роль играют полиморбидность и связанная с ней полипрагмазия, что неизбежно увеличивает вероятность нежелательных лекарственных взаимодействий. Кроме того, изменения, характерные для процессов старения, влияют на элиминацию лекарственных средств.</p> <p>На фармацевтическом рынке представлены различные классы антидепрессантов, эффективность которых сопоставима. Трициклические антидепрессанты, такие как амитриптилин и имипрамин, в силу большого количества побочных действий, включая седативный эффект, сухость во рту, запоры и ортостатическую гипотензию, не рекомендованы для применения у пожилых пациентов. Селективные ингибиторы обратного захвата серотонина, например флуоксетин, сертралин и циталопрам, обладают более благоприятным профилем безопасности и являются препаратами выбора в лечении депрессии у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста, хотя и не лишены недостатков. Ингибиторы обратного захвата норадреналина и серотонина, такие как венлафаксин и дулоксетин, оказывают действие на два нейромедиатора, что может увеличивать вероятность развития побочных эффектов. Атипичные антидепрессанты (миртазапин, тразодон, вортиоксетин и агомелатин) представляют собой гетерогенный класс препаратов, различающихся по механизму действия и профилю безопасности.</p> <p>Таким образом, при лечении пожилых пациентов рациональный выбор антидепрессанта должен проводиться с учётом его побочных эффектов, взаимодействия с другими лекарственными средствами, а также наличия сопутствующих заболеваний и стоимости лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antidepressants</kwd><kwd>mechanisms of action</kwd><kwd>adverse effects</kwd><kwd>withdrawal syndrome</kwd><kwd>elderly and senile age</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антидепрессанты</kwd><kwd>механизмы действия</kwd><kwd>побочные эффекты</kwd><kwd>синдром отмены</kwd><kwd>пожилой и старческий возраст</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>United Nations, Department of economic and social affairs, population division. 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