<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-2106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9100</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">643669</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/medjrf643669</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HJBWJD</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prevention of human papillomavirus-associated cervical disease in the 21st century</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Профилактика ассоциированной с вирусом папилломы человека патологии шейки матки в XXI веке</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5899-8464</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ansarova</surname><given-names>Sabina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ансарова</surname><given-names>Сабина Мубаризовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Sansarova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6372-063X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Basalova</surname><given-names>Julia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Басалова</surname><given-names>Юлия Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>uliabasalova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1991-149X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Heydarova</surname><given-names>Aida Elshan kyzy</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гейдарова</surname><given-names>Аида Эльшан кызы</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Gdrvd16@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4338-9174</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9222-1003</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grineva</surname><given-names>Alina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринёва</surname><given-names>Алина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Grinva.lina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4962-1505</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Obukhova</surname><given-names>Elena P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обухова</surname><given-names>Елена Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Yelena.obukhova.2001@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2213-3887</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanenko</surname><given-names>Marina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романенко</surname><given-names>Марина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Marina.romanenko.2001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9939-3443</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9133-3802</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Raevskii</surname><given-names>Kirill P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Раевский</surname><given-names>Кирилл Павлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Raevskiikp@my.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-02-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>279</fpage><lpage>288</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-08"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-05"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-07-11"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/643669">https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/643669</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary pathogen involved in the development of cervical cancer. HPV infection is widespread worldwide. Comprehensive prevention of high-risk oncogenic HPV infection is the main strategy for reducing the incidence of cervical cancer. Raising awareness of the issue, expanding vaccination coverage, developing modern vaccines and diagnostic methods, and increasing public education all contribute to a more rapid achievement of this goal.</p> <p>This review presents the latest data on current HPV prevention and diagnostic methods, as well as future prospects for addressing this issue in the near term. It highlights recent findings from both Russian and international studies. The review analyzes current approaches to the issue and provides statistics on the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of cervical cancer in the Russian Federation and other countries. A consistent downward trend in the incidence of cervical cancer has been observed in the countries that have implemented screening and HPV vaccination programs. The main risk factors are identified, including those related to the virus itself and to individual lifestyle. Key mechanisms of HPV-driven oncogenesis are presented, along with preventive screening programs aimed at detecting dysplastic changes and preventing the development of invasive cancer. The currently approved vaccines worldwide are discussed in terms of efficacy and safety, as well as ongoing research on new vaccine development.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Вирус папилломы человека (ВПЧ) — основной патоген в развитии рака шейки матки. Папилломавирусная инфекция широко распространена во всём мире. Комплексная профилактика заражения ВПЧ высокого онкогенного риска является главным способом сокращения заболеваемости раком шейки матки. Привлечение внимания к данной проблеме, расширение масштаба вакцинации, разработка современных вакцин и диагностических методов, повышение осведомлённости населения — всё это способствует ускорению достижения представленной цели.</p> <p>В обзоре собраны последние сведения об имеющихся методах профилактики и диагностики ВПЧ, а также рассмотрены дальнейшие перспективы решения данной проблемы на ближайшее будущее. Продемонстрированы последние результаты российских и зарубежных исследований. Проанализирован подход к проблеме, показана статистика распространённости, заболеваемости и смертности от рака шейки матки в Российской Федерации и других странах мира. Выявлена чёткая закономерность снижения заболеваемости раком шейки матки в странах с уже введёнными программами скрининга и вакцинации населения от ВПЧ. Приведены ключевые факторы риска, связанные как с вирусом, так и с образом жизни человека. Представлены основные механизмы онкогенеза ВПЧ, а также программы профилактического скрининга, направленные на выявление диспластических изменений и предотвращение развития инвазивных форм рака. Рассмотрены зарегистрированные в мире вакцины, их эффективность и безопасность, а также ведущиеся исследования по разработке новых вакцин.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cervical neoplasms</kwd><kwd>human papillomavirus</kwd><kwd>early diagnosis</kwd><kwd>mass screening</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>новообразования шейки матки</kwd><kwd>вирус папилломы человека</kwd><kwd>ранняя диагностика</kwd><kwd>массовый скрининг</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–249. doi: 10.3322/caac.21660 EDN: MRLXRI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Kravtsova EA, Tsyganov MM, Litviakov NV, Ibragimova MK. HPV-associated cervical cancer: Current status and prospects. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2023; 8(3):42–54. doi: 10.29413/ABS.2023-8.3.4 EDN: FVUTDN</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Stolbovoy AV, Islim N, Loiko IE, et al. Issues in the treatment of cervix uteri. Clinical Review for General Practice. 2024;5(7): 59–68. doi: 10.47407/kr2024.5.7.00448 EDN: JOOAMY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Marochko KV, Artymuk NV, Breus AV. Cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions: A comparison of diagnostic approaches. Fundamental and Clinical Medicine. 2024;9(1):33–41. doi: 10.23946/2500-0764-2024-9-1-33-41 EDN: BSHVYU</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Kuleshova SV, Khabarov SV, Denisova OV, Leshkina GV. The problem of false negative results of cervical cancer cytology screening: Problems, solutions, prospects. Journal of New Medical Technologies. 2024;31(3):37–46. doi: 10.24412/1609-2163-2024-3-37-46 EDN: VBUXDM</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Klinyshkova TV. Cervical screening strategies: a modern perspective. Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2023;23(4):20–26. doi: 10.17116/rosakush20232304120 EDN: FEHYEY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Gameiro SF, Mymryk JS. Special issue “Human Papillomavirus Clinical Research: From Infection to Cancer”. J Clin Med. 2022;11(14):4225. doi: 10.3390/jcm11144225 EDN: NGPDDV</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>de Martel C, Georges D, Bray F, et al. Global burden of cancer attributable to infections in 2018: a worldwide incidence analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8(2):e180–e190. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30488-7 EDN: DNISFW</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Wang R, Pan W, Jin L, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccine against cervical cancer: Opportunity and challenge. Cancer Lett. 2020;471:88–102. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.039 EDN: GVNGKS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Ono A, Koshiyama M, Nakagawa M, et al. The preventive effect of dietary antioxidants on cervical cancer development. Medicina (Kaunas). 2020;56(11):604. doi: 10.3390/medicina56110604 EDN: QLJRTJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Anokhova LI, Belokrinitskaya TE, Belozertseva EP, Maslova TM. An innovative approach to the treatment of high-risk HPV patients using allokin-alpha. Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2021;(13):199–205. doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2021-13-199-205 EDN: FPARHC</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Volgareva GM. Papillomaviral carcinogenesis. Major achievements and certain challenge’s part 1. General notions of papillomaviruses. Human papillomaviruses-associated cancers. Russian Journal of Biotherapy. 2020;19(1):6–12. doi: 10.17650/1726-9784-2019-19-1-6-12 EDN: NVVIMN</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Artemova OI. Factors in the formation of neoplastic processes in the cervix. Doctor.Ru. 2023;22(5):75–80. doi: 10.31550/1727-2378-2023-22-5-75-80 EDN: RAVWZE</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Przybylski M, Pruski D, Millert-Kalińska S, et al. Expression of E4 protein and HPV major capsid protein (L1) as a novel combination in squamous intraepithelial lesions. Biomedicines. 2023;11(1):225. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11010225 EDN: FBLNZI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Kamal M, Lameiras S, Deloger M, et al. Human papilloma virus (HPV) integration signature in cervical cancer: identification of MACROD2 gene as HPV hot spot integration site. Br J Cancer. 2021;124(4):777–785. doi: 10.1038/s41416-020-01153-4 EDN: UTIREL</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Zhukova AB. Squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix: a modern view of etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis. Journal of Obstetrics and Womens Diseases. 2019;68(6):87–98. doi: 10.17816/JOWD68687-98 EDN: PKMEDZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Mantoani PT, Siqueira DR, Jammal MP, et al. Immune response in cervical intraepithelial neoplasms. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2021;42(5):973. doi: 10.31083/j.ejgo4205146 EDN: WEKCOA</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Lugović-Mihić L, Cvitanović H, Djaković I, et al. The influence of psychological stress on HPV infection manifestations and carcinogenesis. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2021;55(S2):71–88. doi: 10.33594/000000395 EDN: ABUOXX</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Begliarzade SA, Mukhametova RR, Zhao B. Prospects for comprehensive screening and treatment of cervical cancer. Creative Surgery and Oncology. 2024;14(1):60–68. doi: 10.24060/2076-3093-2024-14-1-60-68 EDN: GOXJID</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK572317/</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Volgareva GM. Papillomaviral carcinogenesis. Significant achievements and specific challenges. Part 3. Three levels of cervical cancer prevention and treatment. Russian Journal of Biotherapy. 2020;19(3):6–11. doi: 10.17650/1726-9784-2020-19-3-6-11 EDN: ADVGBL</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Clinical recommendations. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, erosion and ectropion of the cervix [Internet]. Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; 2022 [cited 2024 December]. (In Russ.) Available from: https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/752_1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Altová A, Kulhánová I, Brůha L, Lustigová M. Breast and cervical cancer screening attendance among Czech women. Cent Eur J Public Health. 2021;29(2):90–95. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a6623 EDN: WCWABS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Jolidon V, De Prez V, Willems B, et al. Never and under cervical cancer screening in Switzerland and Belgium: trends and inequalities. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1517. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09619-z EDN: PYBVIS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Pedersen K, Fogelberg S, Thamsborg LH, et al. An overview of cervical cancer epidemiology and prevention in Scandinavia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018;97(7):795–807. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13313 EDN: MCDFKH</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Ojamaa K, Innos K, Baburin A, et al. Trends in cervical cancer incidence and survival in Estonia from 1995 to 2014. BMC Cancer. 2018;18(1):1075. doi: 10.1186/s12885-018-5006-1 EDN: SPMIWZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>de Rycke Y, Tubach F, Lafourcade A, et al. Cervical cancer screening coverage, management of squamous intraepithelial lesions and related costs in France. PLoS One. 2020;15(2):e0228660. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228660 EDN: XCXSSR</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>de Munter AC, Klooster TMST, van Lier A, et al. Determinants of HPV-vaccination uptake and subgroups with a lower uptake in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1848. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11897-0 EDN: WRFKXJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Kramer J. Eradicating cervical cancer: Lessons learned from Rwanda and Australia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2021;154(2):270–276. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13601 EDN: MKNIJF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Hrgovic Z, Fures R, Jaska S. Implementation of the program for early detection of cervical cancer in the Federal Republic of Germany. Mater Sociomed. 2020;32(1):62–65. doi: 10.5455/msm.2020.32.62-65 EDN: BHHPNC</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Canfell K. Towards the global elimination of cervical cancer. Papillomavirus Res. 2019;8:100170. doi: 10.1016/j.pvr.2019.100170</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Vänskä S, Luostarinen T, Baussano I, et al. Vaccination with moderate coverage eradicates oncogenic human papillomaviruses if a gender-neutral strategy is applied. J Infect Dis. 2020;222(6):948–956. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa099 EDN: GJFLHA</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Patel C, Brotherton JM, Pillsbury A, et al. The impact of 10 years of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Australia: what additional disease burden will a nonavalent vaccine prevent? Euro Surveill. 2018;23(41):1700737. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.41.1700737</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Dempsey AF. Human papillomavirus: the usefulness of risk factors in determining who should get vaccinated. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2008;1(3):122–128.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Luvián-Morales J, Gutiérrez-Enríquez SO, Granados-García V, Torres-Poveda K. Risk factors for the development of cervical cancer: analysis of the evidence. Front Oncol. 2024;14:1378549. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1378549 EDN: DQORET</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Korovkin AS, Nikitina TN, Kozlova TYu, et al. Vaccines against human papillomavirus: organization and experience of preclinical research. Biological Products. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment. 2024;24(3):243–254. doi: 10.30895/2221-996X-2024-24-3-243-254</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Mlynarczyk-Bonikowska B, Rudnicka L. HPV infections-classification, pathogenesis, and potential new therapies. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(14):7616. doi: 10.3390/ijms25147616 EDN: NSVXDG</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Pratiwi SE, Ysrafil Y, Mardhia M, et al. A novel therapeutic multiepitope vaccine based on oncoprotein E6 and E7 of HPV 16 and 18: An in silico approach. Bioimpacts. 2024;14(5):27846. doi: 10.34172/bi.2024.27846 EDN: AALEWB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Whitworth HS, Gallagher KE, Howard N, et al. Efficacy and immunogenicity of a single dose of human papillomavirus vaccine compared to no vaccination or standard three and two-dose vaccination regimens: A systematic review of evidence from clinical trials. Vaccine. 2020;38(6):1302–1314. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.017 EDN: AFPTAH</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Drolet M, Bénard É, Pérez N, et al. Population-level impact and herd effects following the introduction of human papillomavirus vaccination programmes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2019;394(10197):497–509. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30298-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>McClymont E, Lee M, Raboud J, et al. The efficacy of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in girls and women living with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68(5):788–794. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy575</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Dalla Valle D, Benoni R, Soriolo N, et al. Safety profile assessment of HPV4 and HPV9 vaccines through the passive surveillance system of the Veneto Region (Italy) between 2008 and 2022: A 15-year retrospective observational study. Vaccine X. 2024;19:100511. doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100511 EDN: WGQJOT</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Palmer TJ, Kavanagh K, Cuschieri K, et al. Invasive cervical cancer incidence following bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination: a population-based observational study of age at immunization, dose, and deprivation. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2024;116(6):857–865. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djad263</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Oyedeji O, Maples JM, Gregory S, et al. Pharmacists' perceived barriers to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination: a systematic literature review. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(11):1360. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9111360 EDN: ETVIIJ</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
