<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-2106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9100</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">679267</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/medjrf679267</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">UKMBRX</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical and functional model of patients with a stroke under the International classification of functioning, disability and health as a basis for personalized rehabilitation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клинико-функциональная модель пациента после инсульта в соответствии с Международной классификацией функционирования как основа для персонализированной реабилитации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0353-553X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9440-1425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>Liudmila V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Людмила Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>ludmila.v.petrova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0629-9659</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1343-0947</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostenko</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костенко</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р. мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>ekostenko58@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5123-5991</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8861-7367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pogonchenkova</surname><given-names>Irena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Погонченкова</surname><given-names>Ирэна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>pogonchenkovaiv@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9522-5082</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8103-6730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filippov</surname><given-names>Maksim S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филиппов</surname><given-names>Максим Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>apokrife@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2881-9542</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaverina</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каверина</surname><given-names>Елена Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>elenkaverina@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.I. Spasokukotsky Moscow Centre for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine of Moscow Healthcare Department</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-практический центр медицинской реабилитации, восстановительной и спортивной медицины имени С.И. Спасокукоцкого Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>331</fpage><lpage>341</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-07"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-02"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-09-08"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/679267">https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/679267</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:<italic> </italic></bold>Stroke is a pressing healthcare and social issue. The treatment and rehabilitation outcome relies on a comprehensive approach and an individual medical rehabilitation (MR) plan based on the clinical manifestations and functional status of the patient. Diverse symptoms caused by variable brain damage and individual characteristics require medical decisions to improve MR programs. The clinical and functional patient model based on the biopsychosocial approach is the basis for the classification of health and improved MR programs.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To develop clinical and functional rehabilitation models for patients with a stroke based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for the further development of a personalized MR plan.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:<italic> </italic></bold>A single-center, prospective, cohort, continuous uncontrolled study was conducted at the Moscow Centre for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine named after S.I. Spasokukotsky of Moscow Healthcare Department. The study included 957 patients with ischemic stroke. Stage 1 involved the clinical and functional evaluation of patients with ischemic stroke according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, and the ICF classification. Stage 2 involved the development of clinical and functional models of patients with a stroke.</p> <p>We conducted a clinical examination; the assessment was made using standardized scales and questionnaires and ICF domains.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>The study identified the most common patterns of dysfunction and performance impairment in patients with ischemic stroke. The most relevant ICF domains were analyzed to describe each model. Nine clinical and functional models of patients with a stroke were developed based on clinical evidence and ICF. Each model has a set of functional disorders (predominant dysfunction of the upper limb, predominant dysfunction of the lower limb, and coexistent disorders) grouped by severity (mild, moderate, and severe).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>Clinical and functional models of patients with a stroke based on the clinical manifestations and ICF functional status allows developing a personalized MR program for optimal recovery and improved quality of life. Further development of the methodology for personalization of model formation will allow to improve rehabilitation programs and outcomes in patients with a stroke.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Инсульт — актуальная медико-социальная проблема. Успех лечения и реабилитации зависит от комплексного подхода и индивидуального плана медицинской реабилитации (МР), учитывающего клиническую картину и функциональное состояние пациента. Многообразие симптомов, обусловленное вариативностью поражения мозга и индивидуальными особенностями, требует принятия врачебных решений для оптимизации программ МР. Клинико-функциональная модель пациента, основанная на биопсихосоциальном подходе, является основой для систематизации аспектов здоровья и повышения эффективности МР.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Разработать клинико-функциональные реабилитационные модели пациентов, перенёсших инсульт, в категориях Международной классификации функционирования (МКФ) для последующего формирования индивидуального плана МР.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Проведено одноцентровое проспективное когортное сплошное неконтролируемое исследование на базе Московского научно-практического центра медицинской реабилитации, восстановительной и спортивной медицины имени С.И. Спасокукоцкого Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы. В исследование включено 957 пациентов после ишемического инсульта. На 1-м этапе оценивали клинические и функциональные параметры пациента после ишемического инсульта, отражённые в диагнозе по Международной классификации болезней 10-го пересмотра и категориях МКФ. На 2-м этапе сформированы клинико-функциональные модели пациента, перенёсшего инсульт.</p> <p>Проведено клиническое обследование, выполнена оценка с помощью унифицированных шкал и опросников, определителей категорий доменов МКФ.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Выделены наиболее часто встречающиеся паттерны нарушения функции и функционирования у пациентов с ишемическим инсультом. Проанализированы наиболее актуальные категории доменов МКФ для описания каждой из моделей. На основе клинических данных и МКФ сформированы 9 клинико-функциональных моделей пациентов после инсульта. Каждая модель характеризуется набором функциональных нарушений (преимущественное нарушение функции верхней конечности, преимущественное нарушение функции нижней конечности, сочетанное поражение), разделённых по степени выраженности (лёгкая, среднетяжёлая, тяжёлая).</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Формирование клинико-функциональных моделей пациентов после инсульта, основанное на оценке клинической картины и функционального состояния по МКФ, позволяет создать индивидуальную программу МР для оптимального восстановления и улучшения качества жизни. Дальнейшее развитие методологии персонализации формирования моделей будет способствовать совершенствованию реабилитационных программ и улучшению исходов после инсульта.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medical rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>stroke</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation diagnosis</kwd><kwd>patient model</kwd><kwd>International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health</kwd><kwd>stroke scales</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медицинская реабилитация</kwd><kwd>инсульт</kwd><kwd>реабилитационный диагноз</kwd><kwd>модель пациента</kwd><kwd>Международная классификация функционирования, ограничений жизнедеятельности и здоровья</kwd><kwd>шкалы оценки нарушений при инсульте</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство г. Москвы</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow government</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>1503-7/23</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20(10):795–820. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00252-0 EDN: ZWOYDK</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Pogonchenkova IV, Kostenko EV, Petrova LV, Burkovskaya YuV. The system of support for medical decision-making in the formation of a rehabilitation diagnosis in the categories of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Health Care of the Russian Federation. 2024;68(5):399–405. doi: 10.47470/0044-197X-2024-68-5-399-405 EDN: QMLDXG</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Lui F, Hui C, Khan Suheb MZ, Patti L. Ischemic stroke. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Тhe International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. Geneva: WHO; 2001. 342 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Geyh S, Cieza A, Schouten J, et al. ICF core sets for stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2004;(44 Suppl.):135–141. doi: 10.1080/16501960410016776 EDN: XWIAED</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Park CH, Pyun SB, Don Yoo S, et al. Development of a short version of icf core set for stroke adapted for rehabilitation in Korea: a preliminary study. Brain Neurorehabil. 2021;14(1):e8. doi: 10.12786/bn.2021.14.e8 EDN: XRIYZL</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Wong MN, Tong H, Cheung MK, et al. Goal-setting and personalization under the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework: Community reintegration program for post-stroke patients. Front Rehabil Sci. 2023;4:1219662. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1219662 EDN: QABWKB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Tsykunov MB. Rehabilitation diagnosis in the pathology of the musculoskeletal system using categories of the international classification of functioning. Part 1. N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics. 2019;(1):58–66. doi: 10.17116/vto201901158 EDN: AZRXRM</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Kozlova NV, Levitskaya TE, Tsekhmejstruk EA, Atamanova IV. Use of ICF in rehabilitation: a clinical case. Siberian Psychological Journal. 2020;(78):145–155. doi: 10.17223/17267080/78 EDN: CUJPHW</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Patent RUS No. 2024617410/ 01.04.2024. Byul. No. 4. Kostenko EV, Pogonchenkova IV, Petrova LV, et al. Computer program «Automation of rehabilitation diagnosis and determination of the clinical and functional model of a patient who has suffered an ischemic stroke». Available at: https://www1.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=EVM&amp;rn=6852&amp;DocNumber=2024617410&amp;TypeFile=html (In Russ.) EDN: EOONXY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Patent RUS No. 145923/ 02.04.2025. Byul. No. 2. Kostenko EV, Pogonchenkova IV, Petrova LV, et al. Industrial design: Scheme «Model of a patient with post-stroke upper limb dysfunction». Available at: https://www1.fips.ru/registers-doc-view/fips_servlet?DB=RUDE&amp;rn=7295&amp;DocNumber=145923&amp;TypeFile=html (In Russ.) EDN: RSVIDP</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Buzina TS, Kotelnikova AV, Shalina OS, et al. Psychological issues in the development and implementation of vr technologies in the system of medical education. National Psychological Journal. 2024;19(2):47–59. doi: 10.11621/npj.2024.0204 EDN: OQWOHK</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>RELEASE Collaborators; Brady MC, Ali M, et al. Precision rehabilitation for aphasia by patient age, sex, aphasia severity, and time since stroke? A prespecified, systematic review-based, individual participant data, network, subgroup meta-analysis. Int J Stroke. 2022;17(10):1067–1077. doi: 10.1177/17474930221097477 EDN: PIYOVB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Ryu WS, Hong KS, Jeong SW, et al. Association of ischemic stroke onset time with presenting severity, acute progression, and long-term outcome: A cohort study. PLoS Med. 2022;19(2):e1003910. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003910 EDN: MOMCUV</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Rice DB, McIntyre A, Mirkowski M, et al. Patient-centered goal setting in a hospital-based outpatient stroke rehabilitation center. PM R. 2017;9(9):856–865. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.12.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Fahey M, Crayton E, Wolfe C, Douiri A. Clinical prediction models for mortality and functional outcome following ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):e0185402. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185402</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Everard G, Declerck L, Detrembleur C, et al. New technologies promoting active upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: an overview and network meta-analysis. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2022;58(4):530–548. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.22.07404-4 EDN: MHQSYI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Serrano-López Terradas PA, Criado Ferrer T, Jakob I, Calvo-Arenillas JI. Quo vadis, amadeo hand robot? A randomized study with a hand recovery predictive model in subacute stroke. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;20(1):690. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20010690</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Fujino Y, Fukata K, Inoue M, et al. Examination of rehabilitation intensity according to severity of acute stroke: A retrospective study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021;30(9):105994. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105994 EDN: RUBQFD</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Tanlaka E, King-Shier K, Green T, et al. Inpatient rehabilitation care in alberta: how much does stroke severity and timing matter? Can J Neurol Sci. 2019;46(6):691–701. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2019.276</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Dénes Z, Borosnyay K, Masát O. Stroke rehabilitation outcome in an inpatient neurological rehabilitation unit. Ideggyogy Sz. 2023;76(3-4):109–114. (In Hungarian). doi: 10.18071/isz.76.0109 EDN: VATBFI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>James J, McGlinchey MP. How active are stroke patients in physiotherapy sessions and is this associated with stroke severity? Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(16):4408–4414. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1907459 EDN: WLGCCM</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Girgenti SG, Brunson AO, Marsh EB. Baseline function and rehabilitation are as important as stroke severity as long-term predictors of cognitive performance post-stroke. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2023;102(2S Suppl. 1):43–50. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000002125 EDN: ILQEBL</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Shmonin AA, Maltseva MN, Melnikova EV, Ivanova GE. Basic principles of medical rehabilitation, rehabilitation diagnosis in the ICF categories and rehabilitation plan. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2017;(2):16–22. EDN: YORCRP</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Ivanova GE, Bulatova MA, Polyaev BB, Trofimova AK. Application of the international classification of functioning, disabilities and health in the rehabilitation process. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2021;20(6):4–33. doi: 10.38025/2078-1962-2021-20-6-4-33 EDN: LFOBUL</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Melnikova EV, Buylova TV, Bodrova RA, et al. Use of the international classification of functioning (ICF) in outpatient and inpatient medical rehabilitation: instruction for specialists. Bulletin of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2017;(6):7–20. EDN: ZVGCHN</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
