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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-2106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9100</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">686278</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/medjrf686278</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VEEOXM</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Role of longitudinal measurement of autoantibodies in predicting type 1 diabetes mellitus in children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль динамического измерения аутоантител в прогнозировании сахарного диабета 1-го типа у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3293-4636</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5945-3266</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korneva</surname><given-names>Kseniya G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнева</surname><given-names>Ксения Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>ksenkor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6436-3386</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9518-2170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chichevatov</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чичеватов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>chichevatov69@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2645-2729</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9641-8130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Strongin</surname><given-names>Leonid G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стронгин</surname><given-names>Леонид Григорьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>malstrong@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5769-0378</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6477-0291</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagainov</surname><given-names>Vladimir E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загайнов</surname><given-names>Владимир Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>zagainov@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Penza State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пензенский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>458</fpage><lpage>469</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-30"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-13"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-11-04"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/686278">https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/686278</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:<italic> </italic></bold>Prediction of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) at the preclinical stage allows for timely initiation of preventive therapeutic interventions and may prevent disease progression.</p> <p><bold>AIM:<italic> </italic></bold>This work aimed to evaluate the potential of predicting T1DM based on autoantibody concentrations and their changes.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:<italic> </italic></bold>A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in three regional children’s hospitals: in Nizhny Novgorod, the Chuvash Republic, and the Republic of Mari El. The study included children aged 0–18 years hospitalized with newly diagnosed T1DM between 2017 and 2020, as well as their healthy siblings (enrolled concurrently). Data from 517 participants were analyzed: 314 children with newly diagnosed T1DM and 203 healthy siblings. Regression modeling was applied for the analysis of repeated measurements. Antibodies to glutamate decarboxylase, tyrosine phosphatase, and zinc transporter 8 were determined.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:<italic> </italic></bold>Among healthy siblings, a high risk of developing T1DM was associated with: elevated baseline concentrations of all three antibodies (57.5–92 times higher than reference values on average); a significant and rapid decrease in glutamate decarboxylase and tyrosine phosphatase concentrations −23.29 and −43.3 IU/mL per month, respectively; and a slight and very slow decrease in zinc transporter 8 concentration −5.3 U/mL per month.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:<italic> </italic></bold>Modeling the longitudinal profiles of glutamate decarboxylase, tyrosine phosphatase, and zinc transporter 8 may serve as the basis for the development of more advanced and precise diagnostic systems. This approach appears promising but requires further investigation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Прогнозирование сахарного диабета 1-го типа (СД1) на доклинической стадии позволяет своевременно инициировать профилактические терапевтические вмешательства и предотвратить прогрессирование заболевания.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Оценить возможность прогнозирования СД1 на основе концентраций аутоантител и их динамики.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Проспективное когортное продольное исследование проведено в трёх региональных детских больницах: Нижнего Новгорода, Чувашской Республики и Республики Марий Эл. В исследование были включены дети в возрасте 0–18 лет, госпитализированные с впервые выявленным СД1 в период с 2017 по 2020 год, а также (одновременно) их здоровые братья и сёстры (сибсы). В анализ вошли данные 517 участников: 314 детей с впервые диагностированным СД1 и 203 здоровых сибсов. Для анализа повторных измерений применяли регрессионное моделирование. Определяли антитела к глутаматдекарбоксилазе, тирозинфосфатазе и транспортёру цинка 8.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Среди здоровых сибсов высокий риск развития СД1 ассоциировался с: 1) высокой исходной концентрацией всех трёх антител (в среднем в 57,5–92 раза выше референсных значений); 2) значительным и быстрым снижением концентрации глутаматдекарбоксилазы и тирозинфосфатазы на −23,29 и −43,3 МЕ/мл в месяц соответственно; 3) незначительным и очень медленным снижением концентрации транспортёра цинка 8 на −5,3 Ед./мл в месяц.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Моделирование динамических профилей глутаматдекарбоксилазы, тирозинфосфатазы и транспортёра цинка 8 может служить основой для разработки более сложных и точных диагностических систем. Такой подход представляется перспективным, однако требует дальнейшего изучения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>type 1 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>autoantibodies</kwd><kwd>glutamate decarboxylase</kwd><kwd>tyrosine phosphatase</kwd><kwd>zinc transporter 8</kwd><kwd>prediction</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 1-го типа</kwd><kwd>аутоантитела</kwd><kwd>глутаматдекарбоксилаза</kwd><kwd>тирозинфосфатаза</kwd><kwd>транспортёр цинка 8</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>O'Donovan AJ, Gorelik S, Nally LM. Shifting the paradigm of type 1 diabetes: a narrative review of disease modifying therapies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1477101. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1477101 EDN: CGEGYK</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Insel RA, Dunne JL, Atkinson MA, et al. 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