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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-2106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9100</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">689859</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/medjrf689859</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">IJNMWM</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Legal aspects of medical clearance for sports: a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Правовые аспекты медицинского допуска к занятиям спортом: литературный обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7866-4996</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56625693800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9333-1955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>gavrilovaea@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-2793</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3152-5423</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Churganov</surname><given-names>Oleg A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурганов</surname><given-names>Олег Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Pedagogy), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор пед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>churganov@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-12-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>579</fpage><lpage>586</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-26"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-11"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-12-31"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/689859">https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/689859</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Medical clearance for sports serves not only as a measure to protect the athlete’s health and life, but also as a legal act that requires compliance with a range of legislative and advisory documents. Lack of awareness of these regulations can lead to adverse consequences for the athlete, coach, sports team, and physician.</p> <p>A search and analysis of current (as of August 2025) regulatory and legal documents concerning medical clearance for sports at various stages of athletic training, as well as for national team athletes of the Russian Federation, were conducted.</p> <p>Sources were identified using the legal reference service with expert support Kontur.Normativ, the Russian scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU, and the biomedical research database PubMed. Additionally, the results of an anonymous online survey of 205 sports medicine physicians—subscribers of the Telegram channel Medical Office of the Sports Physician—were analyzed.</p> <p>The review addresses the following issues: which institutions and specialists are authorized to issue medical clearance for different sports and stages of athletic training; the scope of examination required for clearance; and the established forms of medical authorization for training and competition. The article also discusses the issue of improper medical clearance, including cases involving specialized physicians, which, according to the online survey of 205 sports medicine doctors, significantly complicates the work of sports physicians.</p> <p>It was found that in Russia, medical clearance for training and competition falls under interdepartmental regulation and is governed by federal laws; presidential decrees and directives; orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the Federal Medical-Biological Agency, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation; the Labor Code of the Russian Federation; as well as 20 advisory documents.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Медицинский допуск к занятиям спортом — это не только охрана здоровья и жизни спортсмена, но и правовой акт, подразумевающий исполнение ряда законодательных и рекомендательных документов. Незнание этих документов приводит к неблагоприятным последствиям для спортсмена, тренера, спортивной команды, а также врача.</p> <p>Проведены поиск и анализ актуальных на момент написания статьи (август 2025 г.) нормативно-правовых документов по медицинскому допуску к занятиям спортом на этапах спортивной подготовки, а также спортсменов сборных команд Российской Федерации.</p> <p>Для поиска источников литературы использовали справочно-правовой сервис с экспертной поддержкой «Контур.Норматив», российскую научную электронную библиотеку eLIBRARY.RU и поисковую систему по биомедицинским исследованиям PubMed. Учитывали также результаты анонимного онлайн-опроса подписчиков телеграм-канала «Медицинский кабинет спортивного врача», в котором приняли участие 205 врачей по спортивной медицине.</p> <p>В обзоре рассмотрены вопросы: в каком учреждении и кем может быть выдан допуск на этапы спортивной подготовки по различным видам спорта; определение объёма обследования для допуска; формы заключения допуска к тренировкам и соревнованиям. Обсуждаются проблемы неправомерного допуска, в том числе со стороны врачей — узких специалистов, что во многом осложняет работу врачей по спортивной медицине согласно онлайн-опросу 205 спортивных врачей.</p> <p>Установлено, что медицинский допуск к тренировкам и соревнованиям в России подпадает под межведомственное регулирование и регламентирован федеральными законами; Указом и Поручениями Президента Российской Федерации; приказами Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, Федерального медико-биологического агентства России, Министерства труда и социальной защиты Российской Федерации и Трудовым кодексом Российской Федерации; а также 20 рекомендательными документами.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sports</kwd><kwd>clearance for training and competition</kwd><kwd>medical clearance</kwd><kwd>comprehensive medical examination</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спорт</kwd><kwd>допуск к тренировкам и соревнованиям</kwd><kwd>медицинский допуск</kwd><kwd>углублённое медицинское обследование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Журнал</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Journal</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Namazov EA. 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