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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-2106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9100</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">696574</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/medjrf696574</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CFHLVQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Research Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Interaction of physical contact level and team modality in modulating serum immunoglobulin A concentration in elite athletes: a cross-sectional study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Взаимодействие факторов контактности и командности в модуляции концентрации сывороточного иммуноглобулина А у спортсменов высокой квалификации: одномоментное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4073-475X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2806-6159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Buyanova</surname><given-names>Natalia M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буянова</surname><given-names>Наталья Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dpo.mkramn@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3632-291X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3370-2093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochetov</surname><given-names>Anatoly G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочетов</surname><given-names>Анатолий Глебович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>kochetov.lab@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2233-7301</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2609-0174</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alpatov</surname><given-names>Sergey P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алпатов</surname><given-names>Сергей Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>immunosport@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-9528</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8453-9166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanov</surname><given-names>Boris K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романов</surname><given-names>Борис Константинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>romanov_bk@rsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-02-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>527</fpage><lpage>537</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-19"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-27"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-03-04"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/696574">https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/696574</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration is an important yet controversial marker of immune status in athletes. Data on its concentration the off-season and the influence of factors such as the level of physical contact and the individual/team nature of the sport are scarce.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To evaluate the combined effect of the level of physical contact (contact vs low-contact) and sport modality (individual vs team) on serum IgA concentration in elite athletes during the off-season period.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using anonymized data from 12,317 Russian national team athletes in boxing, tennis, basketball, and volleyball from 2012–2020. Groups were formed using a 2×2 factorial design: "contact" (boxing, basketball) vs "low-contact" (tennis, volleyball) and "individual" (boxing, tennis) vs "team" (basketball, volleyball) modality.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>Statistically significant differences were found in the median serum IgA concentrations, with all values remaining within the reference range. Athletes in contact sports (basketball: 1.81 g/L; boxing: 1.72 g/L) had significantly higher IgA levels than athletes in low-contact disciplines (volleyball: 1.57 g/L; tennis: 1.55 g/L). The factor analysis mathematically confirmed the existence of two independent constructs differentiated on the basis of physical contact. No significant effect of sport modality (individual/team) or factor interaction was observed.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>In the inter-competitive phase, the degree of physical contact acts as a key determinant modulating basal serum IgA within physiological limits, with elevated concentrations observed in contact sport athletes. The practical significance of these findings lies in the necessity of a sport-specific approach to immunological monitoring: the lower bound of the reference range considered normal for low-contact disciplines may be inadequate for athletes practicing contact-intensive sports.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Концентрация сывороточного иммуноглобулина А (IgA) является важным, но противоречивым маркером состояния иммунитета у спортсменов. Данные о его концентрации в межсоревновательный период и о влиянии таких факторов, как контактность и командность вида спорта, практически отсутствуют.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Оценить комбинированное влияние уровня физического контакта (контактный/малоконтактный) и модальности спортивной деятельности (индивидуальный/командный) на концентрацию сывороточного IgA у спортсменов высокой квалификации в межсоревновательный период.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Проведено ретроспективное кросс-секционное исследование на основе обезличенных данных 12 317 спортсменов сборных России по боксу, теннису, баскетболу и волейболу за 2012–2020 гг. Группы были сформированы по факторной модели 2×2: «контактность» (бокс, баскетбол) против «малоконтактность» (теннис, волейбол) и «индивидуальная» (бокс, теннис) против «командная» (баскетбол, волейбол) модальность.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Выявлены статистически значимые различия в медианных концентрациях сывороточного IgA, остающихся в пределах референтных значений. У спортсменов контактных видов спорта концентрации IgA были статистически значимо выше (баскетбол 1,81 г/л; бокс 1,72 г/л), чем у атлетов малоконтактных дисциплин (волейбол 1,57 г/л; теннис 1,55 г/л). Факторный анализ математически подтвердил наличие двух независимых конструктов, дифференцированных по признаку физического контакта. Не выявлено значимого влияния модальности спорта (индивидуальный/командный) или взаимодействия факторов.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>В межсоревновательный период уровень физического контакта является важным фактором, модулирующим базальную концентрацию сывороточного IgA в пределах физиологической нормы. Более высокие показатели наблюдаются у представителей контактных дисциплин. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в рекомендации учитывать специфику спорта при интерпретации данных: нижняя граница референтных значений сывороточного IgA, адекватная для малоконтактных видов, не является таковой у спортсменов контактных видов спорта.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sports immunology</kwd><kwd>serum immunoglobulin A</kwd><kwd>contact sports</kwd><kwd>adaptation</kwd><kwd>humoral immunity</kwd><kwd>elite athletes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спортивная иммунология</kwd><kwd>сывороточный иммуноглобулин А</kwd><kwd>контактные виды спорта</kwd><kwd>адаптация</kwd><kwd>гуморальный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>спортсмены высокой квалификации</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Walzik D, Belen S, Wilisch K, et al. Impact of exercise on markers of B cell-related immunity: A systematic review. 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