<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-2106</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-9100</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">702716</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/medjrf702716</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HYAMCD</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity: current aspects and unsolved problems—a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Реактивация ретинопатии недоношенных — современные аспекты и нерешённые проблемы: обзор</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9249-5013</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6033-6471</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lesovoy</surname><given-names>Serg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лесовой</surname><given-names>Сергей Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>sergforester1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3768-6283</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6115-0644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivovyaz</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривовяз</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>olga-eye@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-7198</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9251-6263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>Yuliya D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>Юлия Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>kuznecovay2011@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1764-6599</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4593-4110</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogomolova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богомолова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>bogomolova.ekaterina.2000@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8524-0019</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9350-1266</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salmasi</surname><given-names>Jean M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салмаси</surname><given-names>Жеан Мустафаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>profjms@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-7092</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8314-7638</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balashova</surname><given-names>Larisa M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балашова</surname><given-names>Лариса Маратовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>blm1962@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская детская клиническая больница</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">International Scientific and Practical Center for Tissue Proliferation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НП «Международный научно-практический центр пролиферации тканей»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская детская клиническая больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-07-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>262</fpage><lpage>270</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-15"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-21"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-07-13"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/702716">https://medjrf.com/0869-2106/article/view/702716</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Due to advances in modern neonatology in the care of extremely premature infants in economically developed countries, including Russia, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its consequences continue to represent a significant proportion of ophthalmic pathologies of early childhood. Thus, as the number of extremely immature premature infants increases, so does the number of severe, rapidly progressing forms of ROP localized to the central fundus (zone I ROP and aggressive posterior ROP) that are resistant to laser coagulation. In recent decades, intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents (VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor) has been a primary treatment modality for ROP.</p> <p>The purpose of this review is to systematically review studies on ROP reactivation. Risk factors for ROP reactivation, its frequency, and its dependence on the choice of treatment strategy are discussed. The effectiveness of all commonly used anti-VEGF agents worldwide is analyzed comparatively in relation to the development of signs of ROP reactivation, including dosage- and duration-dependent effects.</p> <p>An important part of this review discusses the time course of ROP reactivation, since clear criteria for differentiating this timing have not yet been established. We also address long-term retinal changes in the cicatricial phase of the disease, which are clinically similar to those seen in active retinopathy and involve tractional-exudative changes at the borders of persistent avascular zones, as well as approaches to treatment, including preventive measures.</p> <p>The review demonstrates an association between an increased frequency of ROP reactivation following anti-VEGF therapy, underscoring the need to develop new approaches to long-term follow-up of these patients. The prolongation of possible reactivation periods due to repeated anti-VEGF injections to achieve ROP regression should proportionally extend the duration of follow-up for these patients, especially when avascular zones persist in the retina.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В связи с достижениями современной неонатологии в рамках выхаживания глубоко недоношенных детей в экономически развитых странах, включая Россию, ретинопатия недоношенных (РН) и её последствия продолжают занимать весомую долю среди офтальмопатологий раннего детского возраста. Так, с ростом числа недоношенных пациентов с крайней степенью незрелости растёт и количество тяжёлых молниеносно прогрессирующих форм РН с локализацией в центральных отделах глазного дна (РН зоны I и задняя агрессивная РН), резистентных к лазеркоагуляции сетчатки. Последние десятилетия активным методом лечения РН служит интравитреальное введение анти-VEGF-препаратов (VEGF — vascular endothelial growth factor, фактор роста эндотелия сосудов).</p> <p>Целью настоящего обзора является систематизация данных научных публикаций, посвящённых реактивации РН. Рассмотрены факторы риска развития и частоты реактивации РН, а также её зависимость от выбора тактики лечения ретинопатии. Авторы подробно проанализировали и сравнили эффективность всех известных и широко применяемых в общемировой практике анти-VEGF-препаратов в связи с возможностью прогрессирования признаков реактивации РН, включая зависимость от дозировок и длительности курса.</p> <p>Немаловажная часть обзора отведена рассуждению о сроках развития реактивации РН, поскольку на настоящий момент до сих пор не определены критерии, позволяющие чётко дифференцировать эти сроки. Затронут вопрос об отдалённых изменениях сетчатки у пациентов в рубцовой фазе заболевания, клинически схожих с течением активной ретинопатии с развитием тракционно-экссудативных изменений на границах персистирующих аваскулярных зон. Рассматриваются подходы к лечению данных состояний, включая превентивные меры.</p> <p>Продемонстрирована связь роста частоты реактивации РН с анти-VEGF-терапией, что указывает на необходимость разработки новых подходов к катамнестическому наблюдению данных пациентов. Удлинение возможных сроков реактивации в связи с неоднократными инъекциями анти-VEGF-препаратов для достижения регресса РН должно пропорционально удлинять сроки динамического контроля за этими пациентами, особенно при сохраняющихся аваскулярных зонах сетчатки.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>retinopathy of prematurity</kwd><kwd>vasoproliferation</kwd><kwd>retina</kwd><kwd>retinal laser coagulation</kwd><kwd>anti-VEGF</kwd><kwd>retinopathy reactivation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ретинопатия недоношенных</kwd><kwd>вазопролиферация</kwd><kwd>сетчатка</kwd><kwd>лазеркоагуляция сетчатки</kwd><kwd>анти-VEGF</kwd><kwd>реактивация ретинопатии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Saidasheva EI. On the issue of the new edition of the international classification of retinopathy of prematurity. Part 2. Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology. 2024;19(3):171–175. doi: 10.17816/rpoj635454 EDN: BVGDYZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Katargina LA, Demchenko EN. New opportunities in management of patients with retinopathy prematurity (literature review and analysis of own data). Russian Ophthalmological Journal. 2020;13(4):70–74. doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2020-13-4-70-74 EDN: QFYSXQ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Stahl A, Nakanishi H, Lepore D, et al. Intravitreal aflibercept vs laser therapy for retinopathy of prematurity: two-year efficacy and safety outcomes in the Nonrandomized Controlled Trial FIREFLEYE next. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(4):e248383. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.8383 EDN: JUDYIO</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Fleck BW, Reynolds JD, Zhu Q, et al. Time course of retinopathy of prematurity regression and reactivation after treatment with ranibizumab or laser in the RAINBOW Trial. Ophthalmol Retina. 2022;6(7):628–637. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2022.02.006 EDN: VHRFSP</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Barnett JM, Hubbard GB. Complications of retinopathy of prematurity treatment. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2021;32(5):475–481. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000783 EDN: SVQFHG</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Valikodath NG, Chiang MF, Chan RVP. Description and management of retinopathy of prematurity reactivation after intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2021;32(5):468–474. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000786 EDN: QKZWCI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Sidorenko EI, Sidorenko EE, Obrubov SA, et al. Clinical and laboratory risk factors for relapse (reactivation) of retinopathy of prematurity after intravitreal administration of aflibercept. Russian Ophthalmology of Children. 2024;45(1):27–33. doi: 10.25276/2307-6658-2024-1-27-33 EDN: SLELUR</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Sidorenko EI, Sidorenko EE, Obrubov SA, Le HT. Reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity after intravitreal aflibercept treatment depends on gestational age. Russian Ophthalmology of Children. 2023;(4):39–44. doi: 10.25276/2307-6658-2023-4-39-44 EDN: QCITBE</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Chiang MF, Quinn GE, Fielder AR, et al. International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, third edition. Ophthalmology. 2021;128(10):e51–e68. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.05.031 EDN: IYPNWF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Mintz-Hittner HA, Geloneck MM, Chuang AZ. Clinical management of recurrent retinopathy of prematurity after intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(9):1845–1855. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.04.028</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Ling KP, Liao PJ, Wang NK, et al. Rates and risk factors for recurrence of retinopathy of prematurity after laser or intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monotherapy. Retina. 2020;40(9):1793–1803. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000002663</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Chang JW. Risk factor analysis for the development and progression of retinopathy of prematurity. PLoS One. 2019;14(7):e0219934. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219934</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Gao L, Shao W, Li N, et al. The risk of retinopathy of prematurity in the infants following assisted reproductive technology: a meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:2095730. doi: 10.1155/2019/2095730 EDN: OQFAJF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>de Las Rivas Ramírez N, Luque Aranda G, Rius Díaz F, et al. Risk factors associated with Retinopathy of Prematurity development and progression. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):21977. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-26229-4 EDN: IGNTJA</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Sankar MJ, Sankar J, Chandra P. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;1(1):CD009734. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009734.pub3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Lyu J, Zhang Q, Chen CL, et al. Recurrence of retinopathy of prematurity after intravitreal ranibizumab monotherapy: timing and risk factors. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58(3):1719–1725. doi: 10.1167/iovs.16-20680</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Hu Q, Bai Y, Chen X, et al. Recurrence of retinopathy of prematurity in zone ii stage 3+ after ranibizumab treatment: a retrospective study. J Ophthalmol. 2017;2017:5078565. doi: 10.1155/2017/5078565</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Lee CC, Chiang MC, Chu SM, et al. Clinical risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity reactivation after intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injection. J Pediatr. 2024;273:113913. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.113913 EDN: VPLSIS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Stahl A, Lepore D, Fielder A, et al. Ranibizumab versus laser therapy for the treatment of very low birthweight infants with retinopathy of prematurity (RAINBOW): an open-label randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;394(10208):1551–1559. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31344-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Wong RK, Hubschman S, Tsui I. Reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity after ranibizumab treatment. Retina. 2015;35(4):675–680. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000578</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Strawbridge J, Cheng JY, Gundlach BS, et al. Short-term reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity after primary ranibizumab treatment. Retina. 2024;44(11):1945–1951. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000004206 EDN: XVTWRS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Bassiouny RM, Gaafar WM, El Nokrashy A, et al. Clinical outcome following reinjection of Ranibizumab for reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity. Eye (Lond). 2022;36(11):2137–2143. doi: 10.1038/s41433-021-01814-5 EDN: URSMGS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Ji MH, Moshfeghi DM, Shields RA, et al. Conserved regression patterns of retinopathy of prematurity after intravitreal ranibizumab: A class effect. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2021;31(4):2135–2140. doi: 10.1177/1120672120945101 EDN: XTAAFS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Eilts SK, Pfeil JM, Poschkamp B, et al. Assessment of retinopathy of prematurity regression and reactivation using an artificial intelligence-based vascular severity score. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(1):e2251512. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.51512 EDN: UZJBNT</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Jang JH. Characteristics of retinal vascularization in reactivated retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment and clinical outcome after reinjection of ranibizumab. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):15647. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-66483-2 EDN: LOLZEH</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang F, Zou Q, Liu Q, You Z. Characteristics of “Notch” in retinopathy of prematurity after intravitreal ranibizumab monotherapy. Retina. 2024;44(12):2168–2176. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000004231 EDN: EJTMBW</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Chopra J, Haider KM, Boente CS. Comparing reactivation and retreatment for three doses of bevacizumab in type 1 retinopathy of prematurity. J AAPOS. 2024;28(2):103866. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2024.103866 EDN: CQGNVP</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Huang C, Zou W, Ma W, et al. Effect and factors associated with reactivation after intravitreal conbercept or aflibercept in retinopathy of prematurity. Eur J Med Res. 2025;30(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s40001-024-02206-7 EDN: XSEWVK</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Autrata R, Krejcírová I, Senková K, et al. Intravitreal pegaptanib combined with diode laser therapy for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity in zone I and posterior zone II. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2012;22(5):687–694. doi: 10.5301/ejo.5000166</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Bai Y, Nie H, Wei S, et al. Efficacy of intravitreal conbercept injection in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Br J Ophthalmol. 2019;103(4):494–498. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311662</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Fogli S, Del Re M, Rofi E, et al. Clinical pharmacology of intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs. Eye (Lond). 2018;32(6):1010–1020. doi: 10.1038/s41433-018-0021-7 EDN: MUVKBT</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Cai S, Yang Q, Li X, Zhang Y. The efficacy and safety of aflibercept and conbercept in diabetic macular edema. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018;12:3471–3483. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S177192</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Avery RL, Castellarin AA, Steinle NC, et al. Systemic pharmacokinetics following intravitreal injections of ranibizumab, bevacizumab or aflibercept in patients with neovascular AMD. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;98(12):1636–1641. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305252</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Wallace DK, Kraker RT, Freedman SF, et al. Short-term outcomes after very low-dose intravitreous bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020;138(6):698–701. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.0334 EDN: RRJEGZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Freedman SF, Hercinovic A, Wallace DK, et al. Low- and very low-dose bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity: reactivations, additional treatments, and 12-month outcomes. Ophthalmology. 2022;129(10):1120–1128. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.05.019 EDN: ZHCXJQ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Sperber J, Hoyek S, Chaaya C, et al. Late reactivation of retinopathy in a treatment-naive female adult patient with history of prematurity and ZNF408 mutation. J Vitreoretin Dis. doi: 10.1177/24741264251393951 EDN: LNCJYU</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Uner OE, Rao P, Hubbard GB 3rd. Reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity in adults and adolescents. Ophthalmol Retina. 2020;4(7):720–727. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2020.02.001 EDN: MOCRUA</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Hu J, Blair MP, Shapiro MJ, et al. Reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity after bevacizumab injection. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130(8):1000–1006. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.592</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Iwahashi C, Utamura S, Kuniyoshi K, et al. Factors associated with reactivation after intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab therapy in infants with retinopathy of prematurity. Retina. 2021;41(11):2261–2268. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003196 EDN: QMPSEK</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Chen W, Binenbaum G, Karp K, et al. Late recurrence of retinopathy of prematurity after treatment with both intravitreal bevacizumab and laser. J AAPOS. 2014;18(4):402–404. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2014.03.011 EDN: YCJRAN</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Chan-Ling T, Gole GA, Quinn GE, et al. Pathophysiology, screening and treatment of ROP: A multi-disciplinary perspective. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2018;62:77–119. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.09.002 EDN: YDOFRR</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Liu CH, Wang Z, Sun Y, Chen J. Animal models of ocular angiogenesis: from development to pathologies. FASEB J. 2017;31(11):4665–4681. doi: 10.1096/fj.201700336R</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Zasada M, Madetko-Talowska A, Revhaug C, et al. Short- and long-term impact of hyperoxia on the blood and retinal cells’ transcriptome in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Pediatr Res. 2020;87(3):485–493. doi: 10.1038/s41390-019-0598-y EDN: CDTEAI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Kuznetsova YuD, Astasheva IB, Lesovoy SV, et al. Late reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity in an adolescent after administration of anty-vascular endothelial growth factor. Modern Technologies in Ophtalmology. 2025;59(1):100–105. doi: 10.25276/2312-4911-2025-1-100-105 EDN: RYFRQO</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Sahinoglu-Keskek N, Akkoyun I, Torer B, et al. Predictive factors of early reactivation after ıntravitreal ranibizumab in agressive retinopathy of prematurity. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2025;48(1):104348. doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2024.104348 EDN: ICIHEB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Wang H. Anti-VEGF therapy in the management of retinopathy of prematurity: what we learn from representative animal models of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Eye Brain. 2016;8:81–90. doi: 10.2147/EB.S94449</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Arámbulo O, Dib G, Iturralde J, et al. Analysis of the recurrence of plus disease after intravitreal ranibizumab as a primary monotherapy for severe retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmol Retina. 2018;2(8):858–863. doi: 10.1016/j.oret.2017.11.012</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Revta AM, Usynina AA. Reactivation of retinopathy of prematurity after ranibizumab treatment. Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology. 2024;19(3):161–169. doi: 10.17816/rpoj629459 EDN: FPAICX</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
