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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Biology Bulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Biology Bulletin</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Российской академии наук. Серия биологическая</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3470</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5367</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">647796</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S1026347024040056</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VHTMWU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ZOOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗООЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Measuring Docility, Boldness, and Exploration in the Free-Living Yellow Ground Squirrel Spermophilus fulvus Licht. (Sciuridae)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Тесты на покорность, смелость и любознательность у желтого суслика Spermophilus fulvus Licht. (Sciuridae) в природе</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilieva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ninavasilieva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Markina</surname><given-names>M. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркина</surname><given-names>М. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>биологический факультет</p></bio><email>ninavasilieva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiliev</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ninavasilieva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><fpage>477</fpage><lpage>487</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/1026-3470/article/view/647796">https://medjrf.com/1026-3470/article/view/647796</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Studying intraspecific variation in animal behavior is one of the key trends in recent biology. Comparative behavioral studies of different species require developing an adequate methodology for every new species. We performed three types of behavioral tests with juveniles of the yellow ground squirrel, a large hibernating rodent. Docility tests with an estimation of the time and intensity of the animal locomotor activity in a bag showed low repeatability and appeared to be inappropriate for this species since most of the pups demonstrated freezing behavior. Boldness tests with an action camera installed near the squirrel’s burrow were more promising, but the juveniles still did not emerge aboveground for a long time after they escaped to their burrows, remained vigilant, and did not explore the new object. Test results indicate that yellow ground squirrels are very shy and cautious, which may be a persistent behavioral trait of this species.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Изучение внутривидовых различий в поведении животных принимает все большие масштабы в современной биологии. Получение сравнимых данных по поведению разных видов требует подбора специфических методик. Мы опробовали три типа поведенческих тестов для детенышей желтого суслика – крупного зимоспящего грызуна. Тесты на покорность с оценкой времени и интенсивности движения зверька, помещенного в мешок, показали низкую повторяемость и оказались малопригодны, поскольку большинство детенышей замирало во время теста. Тесты на смелость с установкой экшн-камеры у норы оказались более перспективными, но и в них суслики долго не покидали нору, оставались настороженными и не исследовали новый объект. Результаты тестов указывают на высокую осторожность желтых сусликов, которая может быть устойчивой характеристикой поведения этого вида.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>behavioral tests</kwd><kwd>juvenile behavior</kwd><kwd>ground squirrels</kwd><kwd>yellow ground squirrel</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>поведенческие тесты</kwd><kwd>поведение детенышей</kwd><kwd>наземные беличьи</kwd><kwd>желтый суслик</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский Научный Фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>22-24-00610</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Бокштейн Ф. М., Кучерук В. В., Тупикова Н. В. 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