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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Biology Bulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Biology Bulletin</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Российской академии наук. Серия биологическая</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3470</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5367</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">647822</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S1026347024040039</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VHZBBF</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PLANT PHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">On the use of isotopic differences of carbon fractions of biomass in plants to study transport flows and source-sink relations under different light conditions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Об использовании изотопных различий углерода фракций биомассы в растениях для изучения транспортных потоков и донорно-акцепторных отношений при разных световых режимах</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivlev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивлев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aa.ivlev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinsky</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинский</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aa.ivlev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Przewalsky</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пржевальский</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aa.ivlev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tovstyko</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Товстыко</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aa.ivlev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmakov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмаков</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aa.ivlev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lomakin</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ломакин</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aa.ivlev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sleptsov</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слепцов</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aa.ivlev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarakanov</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тараканов</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aa.ivlev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Scientific Research Geological Petroleum Institute (VNIGNI), April branch</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский геологический нефтяной институт (ВНИГНИ), Апрелевское отделение</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A. A. Borisyak Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Палеонтологический институт РАН имени А. А. Борисяка</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К. А. Тимирязева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><fpage>451</fpage><lpage>459</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/1026-3470/article/view/647822">https://medjrf.com/1026-3470/article/view/647822</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>It is shown that the differences in the isotopic composition of carbon in the water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions of plant leaf biomass, as well as phloem, are evolutionarily determined. They associated with metabolic reactions during assimilation and photorespiration and do not depend on the illumination mode and on the spectral ranges of headlights used in illumination. The above isotopic shifts are the cause of isotopic differences in assimilatory and photorespiratory carbon stocks that feed various metabolic processes. Due to the strict temporal and spatial organization of metabolism, carbon fluxes from the funds retain isotopic differences without complete mixing. The differences in the isotopic composition of carbon of the water-soluble fraction of biomass and carbon of phloem juice from carbon of the water-insoluble fraction are small (1–3%), but they are quite stable and easily fixed. The carbon of the water-soluble fraction is very close in isotopic composition to the carbon of the phloem and is noticeably enriched with the isotope <sup>13</sup>C relative to the water-insoluble fraction, which makes it possible to use it as a marker in the study of assimilate transport in plants, especially during budding and fruiting. It is shown that the reason for the enrichment of autotrophic organs and tissues with isotope <sup>12</sup>C relative to carbon of heterotrophic parts of the plant is the predominant participation in their formation of an isotopically light assimilation fund, whereas an isotopically heavy photorespiratory fund takes part in the formation of heterotrophic organs. It is shown that the manifestation of the formation of two isotopically different funds is the discovered relationship of the carbon isotope composition of leaves with their age.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Показано, что различия в изотопном составе углерода водорастворимой и водонерастворимой фракции биомассы листа растений, а также флоэмы эволюционно обусловлены, связаны с метаболическими реакциями при ассимиляции и фотодыхании и не зависят от режима освещенности и от спектральных диапазонов ФАР, используемых при освещении. Они являются причиной изотопных различий ассимиляционного и фотодыхательного углеродных фондов, питающих различные метаболические процессы. Благодаря строгой временной и пространственной организации метаболизма потоки углерода из фондов сохраняют изотопные различия, полностью не перемешиваясь. Отличия изотопного состава углерода водорастворимой фракции биомассы и углерода сока флоэмы от углерода водонерастворимой фракции невелики (1–3‰), но вполне устойчивы и легко фиксируются. Углерод водорастворимой фракции весьма близок по изотопному составу к углероду флоэмы и заметно обогащен изотопом <sup>13</sup>С относительно водонерастворимой фракции, что позволяет использовать его как маркер при изучении транспорта ассимилятов в растениях, особенно в период бутонизации и плодоношения. Показано, что причиной обогащенности автотрофных органов и тканей изотопом <sup>12</sup>С относительно углерода гетеротрофных частей растения является преимущественное участие в их образовании изотопнолегкого ассимиляционного фонда, тогда как в формировании гетеротрофных органов принимает участие изотопнотяжелый фотодыхательный фонд. Показано, что проявлением двух изотопноразличающихся фондов является обнаруженная связь изотопного состава углерода листьев с их возрастом.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>photosynthesis</kwd><kwd>fractionation of carbon isotopes</kwd><kwd>assimilation and photorespiratory funds</kwd><kwd>transport flows</kwd><kwd>source-sink relationships</kwd><kwd>light regimes</kwd><kwd>spectral composition of light</kwd><kwd>water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions of biomass</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фотосинтез</kwd><kwd>фракционирование изотопов углерода</kwd><kwd>ассимиляционный и фотодыхательные фонды</kwd><kwd>транспортные потоки</kwd><kwd>донорно-акцепторные отношения</kwd><kwd>световые режимы</kwd><kwd>спектральный состав света</kwd><kwd>водорастворимая и водонерастворимая фракции биомассы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Минобрнауки России</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Education and Science of Russia</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-15-2022-317</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Биогенез природных соединений /Под ред. 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