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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Biology Bulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Biology Bulletin</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Российской академии наук. Серия биологическая</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3470</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5367</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">682110</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S1026347025020032</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">A comparative analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes of two tyulka <italic>Clupeonella</italic> kessler, 1877 (Actinopterygii: Clupeidae) species allowed to clarify their evolutionary history in the Ponto-Caspian region</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительный анализ митохондриальных геномов двух видов тюльки <italic>Clupeonella</italic> kessler, 1877 (actinopterygii: clupeidae) позволил прояснить их эволюционную историю в Понто-Каспийском регионе</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karabanov</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карабанов</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dk@ibiw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dk@ibiw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pereboev</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перебоев</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dk@ibiw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Efeikin</surname><given-names>B. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефейкин</surname><given-names>Б. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dk@ibiw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dk@ibiw.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of the Russian Academy of Sciences, IBIW</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биологии внутренних вод им. И.Д. Папанина Российской академии наук, ИБВВ РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Volga-Caspian Branch of the Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (“CaspNIRKH”)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Волжско-Каспийский филиал ГНЦ РФ ФГБНУ "ВНИРО" ("КаспНИРХ")</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><fpage>150</fpage><lpage>159</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-03"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/1026-3470/article/view/682110">https://medjrf.com/1026-3470/article/view/682110</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper presents a comparative analysis of mitochondrial genome of the anchovy sprat <italic>Clupeonella engrauliformis</italic> and the Black and Caspian Sea sprat <italic>C. cultriventris</italic> from the Caspian Sea. The mitogenome of tulka has a length of about 16.6 thousand bp and is characterized by a gene order conservative for herring fishes. The difference between the mitochondrial genomes of anchovy and Black and Caspian Sea sprats from concerns 449 bp (2.7%), including two insertions in the control region, unknown in other representatives of the genus Clupeonella. The differentiation of tulkas is probably related to transgression and degradation of the Pontic Lake-Sea: it began in the Miocene, continued in the Pliocene, and was completed by the Pleistocene. The modern differences of tulkas may be connected with different adaptations of their ancestors to specific conditions in different water bodies – remnants of the Pontic “Mega-lake”.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В работе представлен сравнительный анализ аннотированного полного митохондриального генома анчоусовидной тюльки <italic>Clupeonella engrauliformis</italic> и черноморско-каспийской тюльки <italic>C. cultriventris</italic> из Каспийского моря. Митогеном тюлек имеет длину порядка 16.6 тыс.п.н. и характеризуется консервативным для сельдевых рыб расположением генов. Различие между митохондриальными геномами анчоусовидной и черноморско-каспийской тюлек из Каспийского моря составляет 449 п.н. (2.7%), в том числе 2 инсерции в контрольном регионе, неизвестных у других представителей рода <italic>Clupeonella</italic>. Дифференциация тюлек, вероятно, связана с трансгрессией и деградацией Понтического озера-моря: она началась в миоцене, продолжилась в плиоцене и завершилась уже к плейстоцену. Современные различия тюлек могут быть связаны с разными адаптациями их предков к специфическим условиям в разных водоемах – остатках Понтического “мега-озера”.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genomics</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial genome</kwd><kwd>fish</kwd><kwd>anchovy sprat</kwd><kwd>kilka</kwd><kwd>Clupeonella engrauliformis</kwd><kwd>Clupeonella cultriventris</kwd><kwd>Caspian Sea</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>геномика</kwd><kwd>митохондриальный геном</kwd><kwd>рыбы</kwd><kwd>тюлька</kwd><kwd>килька</kwd><kwd>Clupeonella engrauliformis</kwd><kwd>Clupeonella cultriventris</kwd><kwd>Каспийское море</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-14-00128</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group><fn xml:lang="en"><p><sup>1 </sup>Additional materials are posted in electronic form at the article DOI: DOI: 10.31857/S1026347025020032</p></fn><fn xml:lang="ru"><p><sup>1 </sup>Дополнительные материалы размещены в электронном виде по DOI статьи: DOI: 10.31857/S1026347025020032</p></fn></fn-group></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Казанчеев Е.Н. 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