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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Biology Bulletin</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Biology Bulletin</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Известия Российской академии наук. Серия биологическая</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1026-3470</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5367</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">697994</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S3034543X25060022</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BOTANY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БОТАНИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Variability of earlywood vessel row number of pedunculate oak (<italic>Quercus robur</italic> L.) and common ash (<italic>Fraxinus excelsior</italic> L.) in response to external factors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ЧИСЛА РЯДОВ СОСУДОВ РАННЕЙ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ ДУБА ЧЕРЕШЧАТОГО (<italic>QUERCUS ROBUR</italic> L.) И ЯСЕНЯ ОБЫКНОВЕННОГО (<italic>FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR</italic> L.) ПОД ВЛИЯНИЕМ ВНЕШНИХ ФАКТОРОВ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vakaliuk</surname><given-names>L. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вакалюк</surname><given-names>Л. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>l.vakalnik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nilova</surname><given-names>M. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нилова</surname><given-names>М. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Biological Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Биологический факультет</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khasanov</surname><given-names>B. F</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хасанов</surname><given-names>Б. Ф</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO6 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№6 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>616</fpage><lpage>629</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-07"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-11-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medjrf.com/1026-3470/article/view/697994">https://medjrf.com/1026-3470/article/view/697994</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Dendrochronological analysis of oak (<italic>Quercus robur</italic> L.) and ash (<italic>Fraxinus excelsior</italic> L.) trees sampled in Kozelsk Zaseki allowed us to reconstruct the disturbance history of a part of this forest area for the last 150 years. Large and medium scale disturbances were detected in 1868, 1940, 1957, 1971 and 1977. In the last case, the results of the dendrochronological analysis are supported by archival documents. It is shown that after disturbances both studied species show significant increase in the percentage of tree-rings with higher number of earlywood vessel rows. Similar changes in anatomical structure may occur in response to extreme floods and winter frosts. Possible mechanisms of the formation of the studied anatomical features are considered.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Дендрохронологический анализ образцов древесины дуба черешчатого (<italic>Quercus robur</italic> L.) и ясеня обыкновенного (<italic>Fraxinus excelsior</italic> L.), собранных в Козельских засеках, позволил реконструировать историю нарушений целостности лесного полога части этого лесного массива, происходивших в последние 150 лет. Нарушения крупного и среднего масштаба выявлены в 1868, 1940, 1957, 1971 и 1977 гг. В последнем случае результаты дендрохронологического анализа подтверждены архивными документами. Показано, что после нарушений у обоих изученных видов происходит значимое увеличение доли годичных колец с бóльшим числом рядов сосудов ранней древесины. Сходные изменения анатомического строения могут происходить под влиянием экстремальных паводков и зимних морозов. Рассмотрены возможные механизмы формирования изученных анатомических особенностей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dendrochronology</kwd><kwd>wood anatomy</kwd><kwd>extreme weather event reconstruction</kwd><kwd>extreme floods</kwd><kwd>severe winters</kwd><kwd>growth releases</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дендрохронология</kwd><kwd>анатомия древесины</kwd><kwd>реконструкция экстремальных событий</kwd><kwd>экстремальные паводки</kwd><kwd>морозные зимы</kwd><kwd>нарушения целостности лесного полога</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа М. В. 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