Man-made fine dispersed РМ10 and РМ2.5 in ambient air as a health risk factor and an object of management: domestic and international experience (analytical review)

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The aim was to review and analyze Russian and foreign research works, legal, regulatory and methodical documents that focus on investigating fine-dispersed particles in ambient air considering their influence on human health and external management of emissions. The materials were searched for in relevant databases including WoS, SCOPUS, eLIBRARY; we also examined legal, regulatory and methodical documents available at web-sites of the WHO, Russian authorities and relevant authorities of several foreign countries.

Multiple epidemiological and laboratory investigations confirm substantial health hazards posed by particles smaller than 10 µm (РМ10, РМ2.5). There is evidence that fine-dispersed fractions are a persistent component in emissions from industries, energy-producing facilities, and transport. The Russian methodical base for considering fine-dispersed dusts in emissions requires upgrading and improving as regards mandatory РМ10 and РМ2.5 inclusion into methods for identifying emission structures. It is also necessary to develop and approve methods for quantification of fine-dispersed particles in industrial emissions. Access to calculation and instrumental methods for establishing РМ10 and РМ2.5 masses in emissions allows correcting inventories of emission sources and proper state regulation of emissions through establishing safety rations of sufficiency of sanitary protection zones around enterprises. It also allows creating a more qualitative system for setting emission quotas where priority chemicals are identified on the basis of assessed health risks considering substantial contributions often made to them by fine-dispersed particles.

Contributions:
May I.V. – the study concept and design, writing the text, editing;
Zagorodnov S.Yu. – the concept and design of the study, the collection and processing of the material, writing the text;
Vaisman Ya.I. – processing of the material, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: October 14, 2024 / Revised: October 22, 2024 / Accepted: November 19, 2024 / Published: December 17, 2024

作者简介

Irina May

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies

Email: may@fcrisk.ru

DSc (Biology), professor, principal researcher-advisor to the Director of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation

e-mail: may@fcrisk.ru

Sergey Zagorodnov

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies

Email: Zagorodnov@fcrisk.ru

PhD (Engineering), Senior Research Associate, Head of the Expert Group in Laboratory of Complex Sanitary and Hygienic Monitoring Methods of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation

e-mail: Zagorodnov@fcrisk.ru

Yakov Vaisman

Perm National Research Polytechnic University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: eco@pstu.ru

DSc (Medicine), Professor of Environmental Protection Department, Perm National Polytechnic University, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation

e-mail: eco@pstu.ru

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