Abiotic impacts on nitrogen content, pigment complex and water exchange parameters of Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae) needles on Post-industrial lands

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Abstract

The paper presents the results of studies on the traits of the pigment complex and nitrogen content in current-year and 1-year-old needles and parameters of water metabolism in 30-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees planted on post-industrial land in a sand-gravel quarry and growing naturally in a mid-boreal lingonberry pine forest (Republic of Karelia). The post-industrial site was remediated by planting 1-year-old P. sylvestris seedlings in plots with: 1) sandy–gravelly mineral soil (sample plots SP 1 and SP 2) and 2) peat-enriched soil (SP 3). Surveys were carried out during two growing seasons with contrasting conditions: 2021 (hot and dry) and 2022 (warm and rainy). The influence of phytocenotic conditions and climatic factors on the studied traits was revealed. Among the remediated plots, the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in needles was the highest in the fertilized plot SP 3. The low fertility of the post-industrial plots SP 1 and SP 2 compared to the natural lingonberry pine forest conditions (SP 4) predetermines the lowest content of nitrogen, green and yellow pigments in young and mature needles, and, on the contrary, the highest proportion of Chl a for the Chl a/Chl b ratio. The higher Chl a/Chl b ratio in the needles of trees in low-density stands in SP 1 and SP 2 compared to high-density stands of SP 3 and SP 4 reflects the rearrangement of the pigment complex in response to the local light conditions. The negative effect of high water deficit in needles on pigment complex formation under the hot and dry conditions of the growing season 2021 is shown. The results indicate the pigment system of young and mature needles of P. sylvestris employ similar adaptive mechanisms under changing environmental conditions, which can be used to monitor the state and predict the productivity of ecosystems on disturbed lands.

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About the authors

V. B. Pridacha

Forest Research Institute, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: pridacha@krc.karelia.ru
Russian Federation, Petrozavodsk

N. V. Tumanik

Forest Research Institute, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pridacha@krc.karelia.ru
Russian Federation, Petrozavodsk

D. Е. Semin

Forest Research Institute, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: pridacha@krc.karelia.ru
Russian Federation, Petrozavodsk

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2. Fig. 1. Variability of air temperature (T) and precipitation (P) from May (V) to September (IX) 2021 and 2022 based on true monthly mean (1) and monthly average long-term values over the 1991–2020 period (2) for Karelia. X-axis – month and year of the study; y-axis – air temperature, C (main axis), precipitation, mm (auxiliary axis).

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3. Fig. 2. Nitrogen content in current-year (A) and 1-year-old (B) needles of Pinus sylvestris on post-technogenic lands (SP 1, SP 2, SP 3) and in natural lingonberry pine forest (SP 4) in July 2021 and 2022. X-axis – year of the study; y-axis – element content, % dry weight.

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4. Fig. 3. The content of Chl а (I), Chl b (II), Chl (а+ b) (III), Car (IV), Chl a/Chl b ratio(V) and LHC (VI) in current-year (A) and 1-year-old (B) needles of Pinus sylvestris on post-technogenic lands (SP 1, SP 2, SP 3) and in natural lingonberry pine forest (SP 4) in July 2021 and 2022. X-axis – year of the study; y-axis – pigment content, mg/g wet weight, LHC, %.

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5. Fig. 4. Predawn (max) and midday (min) water potential of shoot in Pinus sylvestris on post-technogenic lands (SP 1, SP 2, SP 3) and in natural lingonberry pine forest (SP 4) in July 2021 and 2022. X-axis – year of the study; y-axis – water potential, MPa.

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