Origin, Phylogeny, and Taxonomy of Lenoks of the Genus Brachymystax (Salmonidae): Available Data, Their Interpretation, and Unresolved Problems

Мұқаба

Дәйексөз келтіру

Толық мәтін

Ашық рұқсат Ашық рұқсат
Рұқсат жабық Рұқсат берілді
Рұқсат жабық Тек жазылушылар үшін

Аннотация

The reproductive and phylogenetic relationships of lenoks of the genus Brachymystax are considered based on analysis of 30 allozyme loci and two fragments (411 and 987 base pairs) of the mitochondrial DNA control region. The presence of three phylogenetic lenok groups, the blunt-snouted and sharp-snouted groups from Russia and neighboring countries and the Qinling group from China and South Korea, has been confirmed. It is assumed that the center of origin of the genus Brachymystax was Primorye and the blunt-snouted lenok from this region is closest to the ancestral form. Modern assumptions on the taxonomic status of different forms of lenok are contradictory both in the number of species (from one to five) and in their composition. The identification of two or three species in the genus Brachymystax is most reasonable. The main problems that should be solved to clarify the phylogeny and taxonomy of representatives of this genus are indicated.

Толық мәтін

Рұқсат жабық

Авторлар туралы

A. Osinov

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: a-osinov@yandex.ru
Ресей, Moscow

Әдебиет тізімі

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2. Fig. 1. Map of the distribution of three forms of lenka of the genus Brachymystax: ( ) – blunt-nosed, ( ) – sharp-winged, ( )– Qinling. The lenok from the Tumen and Yalu Rivers (North Korea, China) is classified as a sharp-winged form (see the text for explanations). The sampling sites () of the sharp–winged and blunt–nosed lenkov used for allozyme analysis: 1 – Kaldzhir River, 2 – Markakol Lake, 3 – Pyzha River, 4 - Mrassu River, 5 - Bolshoy Kemchug River, 6 – Selenga River, 7 – lake. Frolikha, 8 – Kuanda River, 9 – Morkoka River, 10 – Vilyu River, 11 – Undyulung River, 12 – Khor River, 13 – rivers of the Sea of Japan basin (Samarga, Edinka, Venyukovka) are combined in the sample of Northern Primorye, 14 – Taiga River (Central Primorye).

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3. Fig. 2. A dendrogram constructed by the method of joining neighbors (NJ) according to standard genetic distances (calculated from 30 allozyme loci) between populations of the sharp-winged and blunt-nosed lenkov genus Brachymystax from Russia and Mongolia. Bootstrap values are shown on the branches. To the right of the name of the population (reservoir), the mitochondrial DNA haplotype identified in it is indicated . See the location of reservoirs in Fig. 1. Scale: genetic distances.

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4. Fig. 3. The relationship between the haplotypes of 411 pairs of nucleotides of a fragment of the control region of mitochondrial DNA identified in populations of Qinling, sharp–winged and blunt-nosed lenks in the range of the genus Brachymystax: a - MR-tree constructed by the method of maximum economy, bootstrap values are shown on the branches, scale: number of mutation steps; b – median network (MJ), the number of vertical strokes on the edges corresponds to the number of substitutions between haplotypes, n is the number of samples. GenBank Sequence Numbers (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/GenBank ), which correspond to the identified haplotypes, are given in Appendix 2.

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5. Fig. 4. A haplotype tree (for 987 nucleotide pairs of a fragment of the control region of mitochondrial DNA) constructed by the maximum likelihood (ML) method using the optimal substitution model (HKY + F + G4). Data on populations of Qinling, sharp-winged and blunt-nosed (the last two forms from the Amur tributaries) lenks of the genus Brachymystax from China and South Korea were used. Two (A, B2) of the four (A, B1–B3) subclades of the Qingling lenk combine haplotypes from populations of South Korea (see the text for explanations). The values of the support indices (UFBoot/SH–aLRT) are shown on the branches (UFBoot – ultrafast bootstraps, SH–aLRT – Shimodaira–Hasegawa-similar approximate likelihood test). GenBank Sequence Numbers (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/GenBank ) and their corresponding haplotypes are given in Appendix 3. Scale: the number of substitutions to the site.

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