Evolutionary trends in adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies and their symbiotic microbiome to growth mediums with different NaCl concentrations

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Many experimental evolution studies have shown the ability of model animal species, such as Drosophila melanogaster, to adapt quickly to various adverse conditions such as unfavorable growth medium. It is usually assumed by default that such adaptation is due to changes in the genes of the studied macroorganisms. However, it is also known that microbiome can influence various biological processes in macroorganisms. Here we performed an evolutionary experiment in which some D. melanogaster lines were reared on a growth medium with two regimes of high NaCl concentration (4% and 7%), while the others were reared on the standard (favourable) medium. We evaluated the reproductive efficiency of experimental lines on the same two different unfavourable growth mediums five years after the experiment started. Our tests confirmed that the lines reared on the salty substrate became more tolerant to high NaCl concentration, with lines reared on 7% being overall better than lines reared on 4%, especially when tested on 7% medium. Moreover, we found that pre-inoculation of the high salt medium with homogenized salt-tolerant flies tended to improve reproductive efficiency on this medium (compared to pre-inoculation with homogenized control flies). Besides, we found out that individual laboratory line history is also an important factor that affect evolutionary experiment results. Finally, we show that general adaptive traits (overall number of mature offsprings and their development speed) can change linearly (number of mature offsprings) and non-linearly (development speed) when fruit flies progressively adapt to growing NaCl concentration (0 → 4% → 7%).

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作者简介

P. Panchenko

Lomonosov Moscow State University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: 15Panha@rambler.ru

Faculty of Biology, Department of Biological Evolution

俄罗斯联邦, Leninskiye gory, 1, Moscow, 119991

K. Perfilieva

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: 15Panha@rambler.ru

Faculty of Biology, Department of Biological Evolution

俄罗斯联邦, Leninskiye gory, 1, Moscow, 119991

M. Kornilova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: 15Panha@rambler.ru

Faculty of Biology, Department of Biological Evolution

俄罗斯联邦, Leninskiye gory, 1, Moscow, 119991

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2. Fig. 1. Experimental scheme for testing the flies' adaptability to an unfavorable environment.

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