USAID activities in Latin America
- 作者: Zakhartsova A.S1, Kretov S.M1
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隶属关系:
- 期: 编号 7 (2025)
- 页面: 95-110
- 栏目: International ties
- URL: https://medjrf.com/0044-748X/article/view/686728
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0044748X25070075
- ID: 686728
如何引用文章
详细
The article examines the activities of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) over the past three decades. Based on the analysis of the database of USAID initiatives, the authors divide all USAID projects in the region into two groups: political and socialhumanitarian. The article puts forward and confirms the hypothesis that the main USAID activities in the LAC countries were to promote political changes in the interests of Washington, as well as to help governments counter complex threats affecting the security of the United States. Using the case-study method, the article demonstrates contradictions and double standards of USAID activities in Latin American states.
作者简介
A. Zakhartsova
Email: a.s.zakhartsova@yandex.ru
PhD degree (Economics), independent researcher
S. Kretov
Email: ksm2009msk@yandex.ru
PhD degree (Economics), independent researcher
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