Краткая истории технологий защиты людей от радиации в космосе в России и мире в XX – начале XXI в.

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Аннотация

В статье рассмотрена история технологий защиты людей от радиации в космосе, развивавшихся в России и мире в XX – начале XXI в. Проанализированы исторические источники по данной теме, предложена общая классификация технологий защиты от радиации и периодизация их развития. Всего рассмотрены около 100 технологий защиты, при этом более подробно проанализированы 20 важных примеров, отражающих историю и свойства технологий защиты, процесс их эволюции. Отмечено, что решение проблемы защиты людей от радиации в космосе, внедрение новых технологий шло и идет медленно. Преобладает пассивная физическая защита экранированием (около 70 % технологий), но развиваются и новые активные физические и биологические технологии, практикуется сочетание различных технологий защиты. Отмечено, что знания и опыт создания и применения технологий защиты людей от радиации в космосе имеют важный «обратный» эффект и могут использоваться для защиты здоровья и жизни людей на Земле.

Об авторах

Сергей Владимирович Кричевский

Институт истории естествознания и техники им. С. И. Вавилова РАН

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: krichevsky@ihst.ru
Россия, 125315, Москва, ул. Балтийская, д. 14

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