The Diatom Nanofrustulum shiloi as a Promising Species in Modern Biotechnology

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Abstract

The article presents the results of studies of intensive culture of a new species of bentoplanktonic diatom N. shiloi (Lee, Reimer et McEnery) Round, Hallsteinsen et Paasche 1999 for the Black Sea. The features of the process of isolating the species into an algologically pure culture, as well as the morphological and taxonomic characteristics of the strain in light and electron scanning microscopes are described in detail. The biochemical and production characteristics of the strain were studied, as well as the ability to accumulate fucoxanthin (Fx) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in laboratory conditions. In the exponential growth phase, the specific culture growth rate was µ=0.8 1/day, and the maximum productivity P = 0.46 g dry weight /(L day). The accumulation of PUFAs in the biomass of N. shiloi reached 67.39 mg/g dry weight of algae. The Fx concentration in the biomass at the beginning of the stationary growth phase was 10 mg/g dry weight. The fairly high rate of Fx biosynthesis in microalgae cells, as well as the composition of fatty acids of the Black Sea strain, make it possible to classify N. shiloi as a promising object in biotechnology.

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About the authors

A. A. Blaginina

Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: aablaginina@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Sevastopol

S. N. Zheleznova

Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of Russian Academy of Sciences; Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciencies

Email: aablaginina@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Sevastopol; Novosibirsk

E. S. Miroshnichenko

Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: aablaginina@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Sevastopol

R. G. Gevorgiz

Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of Russian Academy of Sciences; Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciencies

Email: aablaginina@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Sevastopol; Novosibirsk

L. I. Ryabushko

Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: aablaginina@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Sevastopol

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2. Fig. 1. Laboratory setup for intensive cultivation of the diatom alga N. shiloi

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3. Fig. 2. SEM image of N. shiloi on the surface of plastic substrates: a – external and b – internal view of the valves, arrows indicate one apical pore at both ends of the axial field. Scale: 1 µm [15].

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4. Fig. 3. N. shiloi cells in mixed cultures with cyanobacteria: Leptolyngbya sp. (a) and Stanieria sp. (b) in CM (scale bar 10 µm).

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5. Fig. 4. Monoculture of N. shiloi, valves from different angles in SEM: a – cells in chains, scale: 10 µm; b – single cell, c, d – cells connected in pairs by marginal spines, scale: 1 µm.

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6. Fig. 5. CM image of N. shiloi monoculture, scale bar 10 µm.

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7. Fig. 6. The ability of N. shiloi to settle to the bottom of a laboratory beaker in 1 min (a), in 3 h (b).

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8. Fig. 7. Dynamics of N. shiloi biomass in intensive culture on nutrient media F and 5F. For the cumulative curve 5F, the numbers indicate the growth phases: 1 - exponential, 2 - deceleration, 3 - stationary. For the cumulative curve F, the productivity in the linear growth phase was calculated using equation (2) (marked in red) PF/2 = 0.05 g / (L day), R2 = 0.99. The specific growth rate in the exponential phase for the cumulative curve 5F was calculated using equation (1) (marked in blue) µ = 0.8 1 /day, R2 = 0.99. The dots indicate the average values, the standard deviation for all measurements did not exceed 0.01 g / L. The arrow indicates the moment of measurement of FA and fucoxanthin.

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9. Fig. 8. Biotechnological characteristics of the diatom alga N. shiloi.

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