THE ROLE OF MICROBIOTA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

The intestinal microbiota is a complex of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, inhabiting the human intestine. Microorganisms of the intestinal microflora influence metabolism, immunological reactivity and pathogenesis of various diseases such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases and others.

This article examines the effect of intestinal microflora on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the possibility of treating this disease.

A review of scientific publications shows that an imbalance in the composition of the microbiota may be associated with various metabolic disorders, which is confirmed by the conclusions of many studies. Active metabolites affecting the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus include short-chain fatty acids, imidazole propionate, trimethylamine N-oxide, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and tryptophan metabolites. These compounds can affect the metabolic processes of the body, including insulin sensitivity, inflammatory reactions and glucose metabolism, which may eventually contribute to the appearance of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Studying the interaction of the intestinal microbiota with drugs is not an easy task, since the biological mechanisms that underlie these relationships are not fully understood.

The key aspects of the discussion are also modern views on the therapy of type 2 diabetes associated with the microbiome, namely: the use of metformin as a sugar-lowering drug, the use of pro- and prebiotics, correction of nutrition and lifestyle, transplantation of fecal microbiota, smoking cessation. All of these possible treatment options demonstrate the potential in microbiota management to control disease and improve therapy outcomes. Further research in this area opens up opportunities for the development of innovative strategies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes based on attention to the health of the intestinal microflora. Understanding the effects of microbiota on metabolic disorders will help in the development of personalized treatment approaches and lead to improved health in patients with type 2 diabetes.