New Insights into the Long Non-coding RNAs Dependent Modulation of Heart Failure and Cardiac Hypertrophy: From Molecular Function to Diagnosis and Treatment

  • Авторлар: Rezaee M.1, Masihipour N.2, Milasi Y.3, Dehmordi R.4, Reiner Ž.5, Asadi S.6, Mohammadi F.7, Khalilzadeh P.8, Rostami M.4, Asemi Z.9, Mafi A.4
  • Мекемелер:
    1. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
    2. Department of Medicine, Lorestan University of medical science
    3. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,
    4. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
    5. Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb
    6. Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran
    7. Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences
    8. Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
    9. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences
  • Шығарылым: Том 31, № 11 (2024)
  • Беттер: 1404-1426
  • Бөлім: Anti-Infectives and Infectious Diseases
  • URL: https://medjrf.com/0929-8673/article/view/644208
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867330666230306143351
  • ID: 644208

Дәйексөз келтіру

Толық мәтін

Аннотация

Heart failure (HF) is a public health issue that imposes high costs on healthcare systems. Despite the significant advances in therapies and prevention of HF, it remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The current clinical diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic strategies, have some limitations. Genetic and epigenetic factors have been identified to be central to the pathogenesis of HF. Therefore, they might provide promising novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for HF. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) belong to a group of RNAs that are produced by RNA polymerase II. These molecules play an important role in the functioning of different cell biological processes, such as transcription and regulation of gene expression. LncRNAs can affect different signaling pathways by targeting biological molecules or a variety of different cellular mechanisms. The alteration in their expression has been reported in different types of cardiovascular diseases, including HF, supporting the theory that they are important in the development and progression of heart diseases. Therefore, these molecules can be introduced as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in HF. In this review, we summarize different lncRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers in HF. Moreover, we highlight various molecular mechanisms dysregulated by different lncRNAs in HF.

Авторлар туралы

Malihe Rezaee

Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Niloufar Masihipour

Department of Medicine, Lorestan University of medical science

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Yaser Milasi

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences,

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Rohollah Dehmordi

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Željko Reiner

Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Sepideh Asadi

Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Fatemeh Mohammadi

Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Parisa Khalilzadeh

Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Mehdi Rostami

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Zatollah Asemi

Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

Alireza Mafi

Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

Әдебиет тізімі

  1. Hoffman, T.M. Chronic heart failure. Pediatr. Crit. Care Med., 2016, 17(8), S119-S123. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000000755 PMID: 27490589
  2. McMurray, J.J.V. Clinical practice. Systolic heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med., 2010, 362(3), 228-238. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp0909392 PMID: 20089973
  3. Khatibzadeh, S.; Farzadfar, F.; Oliver, J.; Ezzati, M.; Moran, A. Worldwide risk factors for heart failure: A systematic review and pooled analysis. Int. J. Cardiol., 2013, 168(2), 1186-1194. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.11.065 PMID: 23201083
  4. Yang, J.; Xu, W.W.; Hu, S.J. Heart failure: Advanced development in genetics and epigenetics. Biomed Res Int, 2015, 2015, 352734. doi: 10.1155/2015/352734 PMID: 25949994
  5. Segura, A.M.; Frazier, O.H.; Buja, L.M. Fibrosis and heart failure. Heart Fail. Rev., 2014, 19(2), 173-185. doi: 10.1007/s10741-012-9365-4 PMID: 23124941
  6. Oremus, M.; McKelvie, R.; Don-Wauchope, A.; Santaguida, P.L.; Ali, U.; Balion, C.; Hill, S.; Booth, R.; Brown, J.A.; Bustamam, A.; Sohel, N.; Raina, P. A systematic review of BNP and NT-proBNP in the management of heart failure: Overview and methods. Heart Fail. Rev., 2014, 19(4), 413-419. doi: 10.1007/s10741-014-9440-0 PMID: 24953975
  7. Sato, Y.; Fujiwara, H.; Takatsu, Y. Cardiac troponin and heart failure in the era of high-sensitivity assays. J. Cardiol., 2012, 60(3), 160-167. doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.06.007 PMID: 22867801
  8. Henriksen, J.H.; Gøtze, J.P.; Fuglsang, S.; Christensen, E.; Bendtsen, F.; Møller, S. Increased circulating pro-brain natriuretic peptide (proBNP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients with cirrhosis: Relation to cardiovascular dysfunction and severity of disease. Gut, 2003, 52(10), 1511-1517. doi: 10.1136/gut.52.10.1511 PMID: 12970147
  9. Burke, M.A.; Cotts, W.G. Interpretation of B-type natriuretic peptide in cardiac disease and other comorbid conditions. Heart Fail. Rev., 2007, 12(1), 23-36. doi: 10.1007/s10741-007-9002-9 PMID: 17345160
  10. Fonseca, C. Diagnosis of heart failure in primary care. Heart Fail. Rev., 2006, 11(2), 95-107. doi: 10.1007/s10741-006-9481-0 PMID: 16937029
  11. McNally, E.M.; Barefield, D.Y.; Puckelwartz, M.J. The genetic landscape of cardiomyopathy and its role in heart failure. Cell Metab., 2015, 21(2), 174-182. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.01.013 PMID: 25651172
  12. Han, P.; Li, W.; Lin, C.H.; Yang, J.; Shang, C.; Nurnberg, S.T.; Jin, K.K.; Xu, W.; Lin, C.Y.; Lin, C.J.; Xiong, Y.; Chien, H.C.; Zhou, B.; Ashley, E.; Bernstein, D.; Chen, P.S.; Chen, H.S.V.; Quertermous, T.; Chang, C.P. A long noncoding RNA protects the heart from pathological hypertrophy. Nature, 2014, 514(7520), 102-106. doi: 10.1038/nature13596 PMID: 25119045
  13. Dirkx, E.; da Costa Martins, P.A.; De Windt, L.J. Regulation of fetal gene expression in heart failure. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis., 2013, 1832(12), 2414-2424. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.07.023
  14. Greco, S.; Zaccagnini, G.; Perfetti, A.; Fuschi, P.; Valaperta, R.; Voellenkle, C.; Castelvecchio, S.; Gaetano, C.; Finato, N.; Beltrami, A.P.; Menicanti, L.; Martelli, F. Long noncoding RNA dysregulation in ischemic heart failure. J. Transl. Med., 2016, 14(1), 183. doi: 10.1186/s12967-016-0926-5 PMID: 27317124
  15. Dick, S.A.; Epelman, S. Chronic heart failure and inflammation: What do we really know? Circ. Res., 2016, 119(1), 159-176. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308030 PMID: 27340274
  16. Tsutsui, H.; Kinugawa, S.; Matsushima, S. Oxidative stress and heart failure. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2011, 301(6), H2181-H2190. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00554.2011 PMID: 21949114
  17. Costa, S.; Reina-Couto, M.; Albino-Teixeira, A.; Sousa, T. Statins and oxidative stress in chronic heart failure. Rev. Port. Cardiol., 2016, 35(1), 41-57. doi: 10.1016/j.repc.2015.09.006 PMID: 26763895
  18. Bridges, M.C.; Daulagala, A.C.; Kourtidis, A. LNCcation: lncRNA localization and function. J. Cell Biol., 2021, 220(2), e202009045. doi: 10.1083/jcb.202009045 PMID: 33464299
  19. Engreitz, J.M.; Pandya-Jones, A.; McDonel, P.; Shishkin, A.; Sirokman, K.; Surka, C.; Kadri, S.; Xing, J.; Goren, A.; Lander, E.S.; Plath, K.; Guttman, M. The Xist lncRNA exploits three-dimensional genome architecture to spread across the X chromosome. Science, 2013, 341(6147), 1237973. doi: 10.1126/science.1237973 PMID: 23828888
  20. Khorkova, O.; Hsiao, J.; Wahlestedt, C. Basic biology and therapeutic implications of lncRNA. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 2015, 87, 15-24. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.05.012 PMID: 26024979
  21. Quinn, J.J.; Chang, H.Y. Unique features of long non-coding RNA biogenesis and function. Nat. Rev. Genet., 2016, 17(1), 47-62. doi: 10.1038/nrg.2015.10 PMID: 26666209
  22. Archer, K.; Broskova, Z.; Bayoumi, A.; Teoh, J.; Davila, A.; Tang, Y.; Su, H.; Kim, I. Long non-coding RNAs as master regulators in cardiovascular diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2015, 16(10), 23651-23667. doi: 10.3390/ijms161023651 PMID: 26445043
  23. Greco, S.; Salgado Somoza, A.; Devaux, Y.; Martelli, F. Long noncoding RNAs and cardiac disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal., 2018, 29(9), 880-901. doi: 10.1089/ars.2017.7126 PMID: 28699361
  24. Uchida, S.; Dimmeler, S. Long noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases. Circ. Res., 2015, 116(4), 737-750. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.302521 PMID: 25677520
  25. Yan, Y.; Song, D.; Song, X.; Song, C. The role of lncRNA MALAT1 in cardiovascular disease. IUBMB Life, 2020, 72(3), 334-342. doi: 10.1002/iub.2210 PMID: 31856403
  26. Liu, L.; An, X.; Li, Z.; Song, Y.; Li, L.; Zuo, S.; Liu, N.; Yang, G.; Wang, H.; Cheng, X.; Zhang, Y.; Yang, X.; Wang, J. The H19 long noncoding RNA is a novel negative regulator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Cardiovasc. Res., 2016, 111(1), 56-65. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvw078 PMID: 27084844
  27. Wang, K.; Liu, C.Y.; Zhou, L.Y.; Wang, J.X.; Wang, M.; Zhao, B.; Zhao, W.K.; Xu, S.J.; Fan, L.H.; Zhang, X.J.; Feng, C.; Wang, C.Q.; Zhao, Y.F.; Li, P.F. APF lncRNA regulates autophagy and myocardial infarction by targeting miR-188-3p. Nat. Commun., 2015, 6(1), 6779. doi: 10.1038/ncomms7779 PMID: 25858075
  28. Ismail, N.; Abdullah, N.; Abdul Murad, N.A.; Jamal, R.; Sulaiman, S.A. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cardiovascular disease complication of type 2 diabetes. Diagnostics, 2021, 11(1), 145. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11010145 PMID: 33478141
  29. Bunch, H. Gene regulation of mammalian long non-coding RNA. Mol. Genet. Genomics, 2018, 293(1), 1-15. doi: 10.1007/s00438-017-1370-9 PMID: 28894972
  30. Statello, L.; Guo, C.J.; Chen, L.L.; Huarte, M. Gene regulation by long non-coding RNAs and its biological functions. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2021, 22(2), 96-118. doi: 10.1038/s41580-020-00315-9 PMID: 33353982
  31. Moran, V.A.; Perera, R.J.; Khalil, A.M. Emerging functional and mechanistic paradigms of mammalian long non-coding RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res., 2012, 40(14), 6391-6400. doi: 10.1093/nar/gks296 PMID: 22492512
  32. Rybak-Wolf, A.; Stottmeister, C.; Glažar, P.; Jens, M.; Pino, N.; Giusti, S.; Hanan, M.; Behm, M.; Bartok, O.; Ashwal-Fluss, R.; Herzog, M.; Schreyer, L.; Papavasileiou, P.; Ivanov, A.; Öhman, M.; Refojo, D.; Kadener, S.; Rajewsky, N. Circular RNAs in the mammalian brain are highly abundant, conserved, and dynamically expressed. Mol. Cell, 2015, 58(5), 870-885. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.03.027 PMID: 25921068
  33. Yin, Q.F.; Yang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Xiang, J.F.; Wu, Y.W.; Carmichael, G.G.; Chen, L.L. Long noncoding RNAs with snoRNA ends. Mol. Cell, 2012, 48(2), 219-230. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.07.033 PMID: 22959273
  34. Zhang, H.; Liu, B.; Shi, X.; Sun, X. Long noncoding RNAs: Potential therapeutic targets in cardiocerebrovascular diseases. Pharmacol. Ther., 2021, 221, 107744. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107744 PMID: 33181193
  35. Wang, Z.; Gerstein, M.; Snyder, M. RNA-Seq: A revolutionary tool for transcriptomics. Nat. Rev. Genet., 2009, 10(1), 57-63. doi: 10.1038/nrg2484 PMID: 19015660
  36. Jarroux, J.; Morillon, A.; Pinskaya, M. History, discovery, and classification of lncRNAs. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2017, 1008, 1-46. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-5203-3_1 PMID: 28815535
  37. Mattick, J.S.; Rinn, J.L. Discovery and annotation of long noncoding RNAs. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 2015, 22(1), 5-7. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2942 PMID: 25565026
  38. Wong, L.S.; Wong, C.M. Decoding the roles of long noncoding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2021, 22(6), 3137. doi: 10.3390/ijms22063137 PMID: 33808647
  39. Cabili, M.N.; Dunagin, M.C.; McClanahan, P.D.; Biaesch, A.; Padovan-Merhar, O.; Regev, A.; Rinn, J.L.; Raj, A. Localization and abundance analysis of human lncRNAs at single-cell and single-molecule resolution. Genome Biol., 2015, 16(1), 20. doi: 10.1186/s13059-015-0586-4 PMID: 25630241
  40. He, X.; Ou, C.; Xiao, Y.; Han, Q.; Li, H.; Zhou, S. LncRNAs: Key players and novel insights into diabetes mellitus. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(41), 71325-71341. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.19921 PMID: 29050364
  41. Bermúdez, M.; Aguilar-Medina, M.; Lizárraga-Verdugo, E.; Avendaño-Félix, M.; Silva-Benítez, E.; López-Camarillo, C.; Ramos-Payán, R. LncRNAs as regulators of autophagy and drug resistance in colorectal cancer. Front. Oncol., 2019, 9, 1008. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01008 PMID: 31632922
  42. Xu, Q.; Song, Z.; Zhu, C.; Tao, C.; Kang, L.; Liu, W.; He, F.; Yan, J.; Sang, T. Systematic comparison of lncRNAs with protein coding mRNAs in population expression and their response to environmental change. BMC Plant Biol., 2017, 17(1), 42. doi: 10.1186/s12870-017-0984-8 PMID: 28193161
  43. Liu, H.; Wan, J.; Chu, J. Long non-coding RNAs and endometrial cancer. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2019, 119, 109396. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109396 PMID: 31505425
  44. Jiang, M-C.; Ni, J-J.; Cui, W-Y.; Wang, B-Y.; Zhuo, W. Emerging roles of lncRNA in cancer and therapeutic opportunities. Am. J. Cancer Res., 2019, 9(7), 1354-1366. PMID: 31392074
  45. Begolli, R.; Sideris, N.; Giakountis, A. LncRNAs as chromatin regulators in cancer: From molecular function to clinical potential. Cancers, 2019, 11(10), 1524. doi: 10.3390/cancers11101524 PMID: 31658672
  46. Martens-Uzunova, E.S.; Böttcher, R.; Croce, C.M.; Jenster, G.; Visakorpi, T.; Calin, G.A. Long noncoding RNA in prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer. Eur. Urol., 2014, 65(6), 1140-1151. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.12.003 PMID: 24373479
  47. Liu, Y.; Ding, W.; Yu, W.; Zhang, Y.; Ao, X.; Wang, J. Long non-coding RNAs: Biogenesis, functions, and clinical significance in gastric cancer. Mol. Ther. Oncolytics, 2021, 23, 458-476. doi: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.11.005 PMID: 34901389
  48. Schmitz, S.U.; Grote, P.; Herrmann, B.G. Mechanisms of long noncoding RNA function in development and disease. Cell. Mol. Life Sci., 2016, 73(13), 2491-2509. doi: 10.1007/s00018-016-2174-5 PMID: 27007508
  49. Wang, K.C.; Chang, H.Y. Molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs. Mol. Cell, 2011, 43(6), 904-914. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.08.018 PMID: 21925379
  50. Flynn, R.A.; Chang, H.Y. Long noncoding RNAs in cell-fate programming and reprogramming. Cell Stem Cell, 2014, 14(6), 752-761. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.05.014 PMID: 24905165
  51. Cabili, M.N.; Trapnell, C.; Goff, L.; Koziol, M.; Tazon-Vega, B.; Regev, A.; Rinn, J.L. Integrative annotation of human large intergenic noncoding RNAs reveals global properties and specific subclasses. Genes Dev., 2011, 25(18), 1915-1927. doi: 10.1101/gad.17446611 PMID: 21890647
  52. Pandey, R.R.; Mondal, T.; Mohammad, F.; Enroth, S.; Redrup, L.; Komorowski, J.; Nagano, T.; Mancini-DiNardo, D.; Kanduri, C. Kcnq1ot1 antisense noncoding RNA mediates lineage-specific transcriptional silencing through chromatin-level regulation. Mol. Cell, 2008, 32(2), 232-246. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.08.022 PMID: 18951091
  53. Gong, C.; Maquat, L.E. lncRNAs transactivate STAU1-mediated mRNA decay by duplexing with 3′ UTRs via Alu elements. Nature, 2011, 470(7333), 284-288. doi: 10.1038/nature09701 PMID: 21307942
  54. Ørom, U.A.; Derrien, T.; Beringer, M.; Gumireddy, K.; Gardini, A.; Bussotti, G.; Lai, F.; Zytnicki, M.; Notredame, C.; Huang, Q.; Guigo, R.; Shiekhattar, R. Long noncoding RNAs with enhancer-like function in human cells. Cell, 2010, 143(1), 46-58. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.09.001 PMID: 20887892
  55. Guttman, M.; Amit, I.; Garber, M.; French, C.; Lin, M.F.; Feldser, D.; Huarte, M.; Zuk, O.; Carey, B.W.; Cassady, J.P.; Cabili, M.N.; Jaenisch, R.; Mikkelsen, T.S.; Jacks, T.; Hacohen, N.; Bernstein, B.E.; Kellis, M.; Regev, A.; Rinn, J.L.; Lander, E.S. Chromatin signature reveals over a thousand highly conserved large non-coding RNAs in mammals. Nature, 2009, 458(7235), 223-227. doi: 10.1038/nature07672 PMID: 19182780
  56. Pontier, D.B.; Gribnau, J. Xist regulation and function eXplored. Hum. Genet., 2011, 130(2), 223-236. doi: 10.1007/s00439-011-1008-7 PMID: 21626138
  57. Tsagakis, I.; Douka, K.; Birds, I.; Aspden, J.L. Long non-coding RNAs in development and disease: Conservation to mechanisms. J. Pathol., 2020, 250(5), 480-495. doi: 10.1002/path.5405 PMID: 32100288
  58. Chen, Y.; Li, Z.; Chen, X.; Zhang, S. Long non-coding RNAs: From disease code to drug role. Acta Pharm. Sin. B, 2021, 11(2), 340-354. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.001 PMID: 33643816
  59. DiStefano, J.K.; Gerhard, G.S. Long noncoding RNAs and human liver disease. Annu. Rev. Pathol., 2022, 17(1), 1-21. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-042320-115255 PMID: 34416820
  60. Azzalin, C.M.; Reichenbach, P.; Khoriauli, L.; Giulotto, E.; Lingner, J. Telomeric repeat containing RNA and RNA surveillance factors at mammalian chromosome ends. Science, 2007, 318(5851), 798-801. doi: 10.1126/science.1147182 PMID: 17916692
  61. Guenther, M.G.; Levine, S.S.; Boyer, L.A.; Jaenisch, R.; Young, R.A. A chromatin landmark and transcription initiation at most promoters in human cells. Cell, 2007, 130(1), 77-88. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.042 PMID: 17632057
  62. Redon, S.; Reichenbach, P.; Lingner, J. The non-coding RNA TERRA is a natural ligand and direct inhibitor of human telomerase. Nucleic Acids Res., 2010, 38(17), 5797-5806. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkq296 PMID: 20460456
  63. Kino, T.; Hurt, D.E.; Ichijo, T.; Nader, N.; Chrousos, G.P. Noncoding RNA gas5 is a growth arrest- and starvation-associated repressor of the glucocorticoid receptor. Sci. Signal., 2010, 3(107), ra8-ra8. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2000568 PMID: 20124551
  64. Sun, Q.; Hao, Q.; Prasanth, K.V. Nuclear long noncoding RNAs: Key regulators of gene expression. Trends Genet., 2018, 34(2), 142-157. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.11.005 PMID: 29249332
  65. Tripathi, V.; Ellis, J.D.; Shen, Z.; Song, D.Y.; Pan, Q.; Watt, A.T.; Freier, S.M.; Bennett, C.F.; Sharma, A.; Bubulya, P.A.; Blencowe, B.J.; Prasanth, S.G.; Prasanth, K.V. The nuclear-retained noncoding RNA MALAT1 regulates alternative splicing by modulating SR splicing factor phosphorylation. Mol. Cell, 2010, 39(6), 925-938. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.08.011 PMID: 20797886
  66. Hung, T.; Chang, H.Y. Long noncoding RNA in genome regulation. RNA Biol., 2010, 7(5), 582-585. doi: 10.4161/rna.7.5.13216 PMID: 20930520
  67. Wang, K.C.; Yang, Y.W.; Liu, B.; Sanyal, A.; Corces-Zimmerman, R.; Chen, Y.; Lajoie, B.R.; Protacio, A.; Flynn, R.A.; Gupta, R.A.; Wysocka, J.; Lei, M.; Dekker, J.; Helms, J.A.; Chang, H.Y. A long noncoding RNA maintains active chromatin to coordinate homeotic gene expression. Nature, 2011, 472(7341), 120-124. doi: 10.1038/nature09819 PMID: 21423168
  68. Wang, Y.; Dang, Y.; Liu, J.; Ouyang, X. The function of homeobox genes and lncRNAs in cancer. Oncol. Lett., 2016, 12(3), 1635-1641. doi: 10.3892/ol.2016.4901 PMID: 27588114
  69. Sun, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Bai, Y.; Wang, Q.; Bao, J.; Luo, Y.; Guo, Y.; Guo, L. A long non-coding RNA HOTTIP expression is associated with disease progression and predicts outcome in small cell lung cancer patients. Mol. Cancer, 2017, 16(1), 162. doi: 10.1186/s12943-017-0729-1 PMID: 29041935
  70. Spitale, R.C.; Tsai, M.C.; Chang, H.Y. RNA templating the epigenome. Epigenetics, 2011, 6(5), 539-543. doi: 10.4161/epi.6.5.15221 PMID: 21393997
  71. Collins, K. Physiological assembly and activity of human telomerase complexes. Mech. Ageing Dev., 2008, 129(1-2), 91-98. doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2007.10.008 PMID: 18054989
  72. Zheng, M.; Zhao, L.; Yang, X. Expression profiles of long noncoding RNA and mRNA in epicardial adipose tissue in patients with heart failure. Biomed Res Int, 2019, 2019, 3945475. doi: 10.1155/2019/3945475
  73. Gao, W.; Wang, Z.M.; Zhu, M.; Lian, X.Q.; Zhao, H.; Zhao, D.; Yang, Z.J.; Lu, X.; Wang, L.S. Altered long noncoding RNA expression profiles in the myocardium of rats with ischemic heart failure. J. Cardiovasc. Med., 2015, 16(7), 473-479. doi: 10.2459/JCM.0b013e32836499cd PMID: 26002832
  74. Cao, Y.; Yang, Y.; Wang, L.; Li, L.; Zhang, J.; Gao, X.; Dai, S.; Zhang, Y.; Guo, Q.; Peng, Y.G.; Wang, E. Analyses of long non-coding RNA and mRNA profiles in right ventricle myocardium of acute right heart failure in pulmonary arterial hypertension rats. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2018, 106, 1108-1115. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.057 PMID: 30119177
  75. Di Salvo, T.G.; Guo, Y.; Su, Y.R.; Clark, T.; Brittain, E.; Absi, T.; Maltais, S.; Hemnes, A. Right ventricular long noncoding RNA expression in human heart failure. Pulm. Circ., 2015, 5(1), 135-161. doi: 10.1086/679721 PMID: 25992278
  76. Tavener, S.A.; Long, E.M.; Robbins, S.M.; McRae, K.M.; Van Remmen, H.; Kubes, P. Immune cell toll-like receptor 4 is required for cardiac myocyte impairment during endotoxemia. Circ. Res., 2004, 95(7), 700-707. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000144175.70140.8c PMID: 15358664
  77. Wang, K.; Long, B.; Zhou, L.Y.; Liu, F.; Zhou, Q.Y.; Liu, C.Y.; Fan, Y.Y.; Li, P.F. CARL lncRNA inhibits anoxia-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by impairing miR-539-dependent PHB2 downregulation. Nat. Commun., 2014, 5(1), 3596. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4596 PMID: 24710105
  78. Yu, C.J.; Liang, C.; Li, Y.X.; Hu, Q.Q.; Zheng, W.W.; Niu, N.; Yang, X.; Wang, Z.R.; Yu, X.D.; Zhang, B.L.; Song, B.L.; Zhang, Z.R. ZNF307 (Zinc Finger Protein 307) acts as a negative regulator of pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertension, 2017, 69(4), 615-624. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08500 PMID: 28223477
  79. Ghafouri-Fard, S.; Taheri, M. Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1): A long non-coding RNA with diverse functions in tumorigenesis. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2019, 111, 51-59. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.070 PMID: 30576934
  80. Chen, J.; Zhang, J.; Gao, Y.; Li, Y.; Feng, C.; Song, C.; Ning, Z.; Zhou, X.; Zhao, J.; Feng, M.; Zhang, Y.; Wei, L.; Pan, Q.; Jiang, Y.; Qian, F.; Han, J.; Yang, Y.; Wang, Q.; Li, C. LncSEA: A platform for long non-coding RNA related sets and enrichment analysis. Nucleic Acids Res., 2021, 49(D1), D969-D980. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkaa806 PMID: 33045741
  81. Huang, W.; Huang, F.; Zhang, R.; Luo, H. LncRNA Neat1 expedites the progression of liver fibrosis in mice through targeting miR-148a-3p and miR-22-3p to upregulate Cyth3. Cell Cycle, 2021, 20(5-6), 490-507. doi: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1875665 PMID: 33550894
  82. Li, C.; Liu, Y.F.; Huang, C.; Chen, Y.X.; Xu, C.Y.; Chen, Y. Long noncoding RNA NEAT1 sponges miR-129 to modulate renal fibrosis by regulation of collagen type I. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2020, 319(1), F93-F105. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00552.2019 PMID: 32475133
  83. Ge, Z.; Yin, C.; Li, Y.; Tian, D.; Xiang, Y.; Li, Q.; Tang, Y.; Zhang, Y. Long noncoding RNA NEAT1 promotes cardiac fibrosis in heart failure through increased recruitment of EZH2 to the Smad7 promoter region. J. Transl. Med., 2022, 20(1), 7. doi: 10.1186/s12967-021-03211-8 PMID: 34980170
  84. Wei, Q.; Zhou, H.Y.; Shi, X.D.; Cao, H.Y.; Qin, L. Long noncoding RNA NEAT1 promotes myocardiocyte apoptosis and suppresses proliferation through regulation of miR-129-5p. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol., 2019, 74(6), 535-541. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000741 PMID: 31815867
  85. Xiao, N.; Zhang, J.; Chen, C.; Wan, Y.; Wang, N.; Yang, J. miR-129-5p improves cardiac function in rats with chronic heart failure through targeting HMGB1. Mamm. Genome, 2019, 30(9-10), 276-288. doi: 10.1007/s00335-019-09817-0 PMID: 31646380
  86. Zhang, H.; Zhang, N.; Jiang, W.; Lun, X. Clinical significance of the long non-coding RNA NEAT1/miR-129-5p axis in the diagnosis and prognosis for patients with chronic heart failure. Exp. Ther. Med., 2021, 21(5), 512. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.9943 PMID: 33791021
  87. Sun, Y.; Ma, L. New insights into long non-coding RNA MALAT1 in cancer and metastasis. Cancers, 2019, 11(2), 216. doi: 10.3390/cancers11020216 PMID: 30781877
  88. Liu, L.; Tan, L.; Yao, J.; Yang, L. Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 regulates cholesterol accumulation in ox-LDL-induced macrophages via the microRNA-17-5p/ABCA1 axis. Mol. Med. Rep., 2020, 21(4), 1761-1770. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10987 PMID: 32319624
  89. Zhao, P.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, J.; Liu, N.; Wang, H. Mechanism of long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 in lipid metabolism and inflammation in heart failure. Int. J. Mol. Med., 2021, 47(3), 1-1. PMID: 33448307
  90. Hu, L.; Xu, Y.N.; Wang, Q.; Liu, M.J.; Zhang, P.; Zhao, L.T.; Liu, F.; Zhao, D.Y.; Pei, H.N.; Yao, X.B.; Hu, H.G. Aerobic exercise improves cardiac function in rats with chronic heart failure through inhibition of the long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1). Ann. Transl. Med., 2021, 9(4), 340. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-8250 PMID: 33708967
  91. Kumarswamy, R.; Bauters, C.; Volkmann, I.; Maury, F.; Fetisch, J.; Holzmann, A.; Lemesle, G.; de Groote, P.; Pinet, F.; Thum, T. Circulating long noncoding RNA, LIPCAR, predicts survival in patients with heart failure. Circ. Res., 2014, 114(10), 1569-1575. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.303915 PMID: 24663402
  92. Santer, L.; López, B.; Ravassa, S.; Baer, C.; Riedel, I.; Chatterjee, S.; Moreno, M.U.; González, A.; Querejeta, R.; Pinet, F.; Thum, T.; Díez, J. Circulating long noncoding RNA LIPCAR predicts heart failure outcomes in patients without chronic kidney disease. Hypertension, 2019, 73(4), 820-828. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.12261 PMID: 30686085
  93. Wang, H.; Song, T.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, J.; Wang, X.; Fu, X. Long non-coding RNA LICPAR regulates atrial fibrosis via TGF-β/Smad pathway in atrial fibrillation. Tissue Cell, 2020, 67, 101440. doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101440 PMID: 32971457
  94. Shahryari, A.; Jazi, M.S.; Samaei, N.M.; Mowla, S.J. Long non-coding RNA SOX2OT: Expression signature, splicing patterns, and emerging roles in pluripotency and tumorigenesis. Front. Genet., 2015, 6, 196. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00196 PMID: 26136768
  95. Tu, J.; Ma, L.; Zhang, M.; Zhang, J. Long non-coding RNA SOX2 overlapping transcript aggravates H9c2 cell injury via the miR-215-5p/ZEB2 axis and promotes ischemic heart failure in a rat model. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2021, 254(3), 221-231. doi: 10.1620/tjem.254.221 PMID: 34321385
  96. Jahan, F.; Landry, N.; Rattan, S.; Dixon, I.; Wigle, J. The functional role of zinc finger E box-binding homeobox 2 (Zeb2) in promoting cardiac fibroblast activation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2018, 19(10), 3207. doi: 10.3390/ijms19103207 PMID: 30336567
  97. Sun, Y.; Jin, S.D.; Zhu, Q.; Han, L.; Feng, J.; Lu, X.Y.; Wang, W.; Wang, F.; Guo, R.H. Long non-coding RNA LUCAT1 is associated with poor prognosis in human non-small cell lung cancer and regulates cell proliferation via epigenetically repressing p21 and p57 expression. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(17), 28297-28311. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.16044 PMID: 28423699
  98. Zheng, A.; Song, X.; Zhang, L.; Zhao, L.; Mao, X.; Wei, M.; Jin, F. Long non-coding RNA LUCAT1/miR- 5582-3p/TCF7L2 axis regulates breast cancer stemness via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res., 2019, 38(1), 305. doi: 10.1186/s13046-019-1315-8 PMID: 31300015
  99. Lou, Y.; Yu, Y.; Xu, X.; Zhou, S.; Shen, H.; Fan, T.; Wu, D.; Yin, J.; Li, G. Long non-coding RNA LUCAT1 promotes tumourigenesis by inhibiting ANXA2 phosphorylation in hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2019, 23(3), 1873-1884. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14088 PMID: 30588744
  100. Zheng, Z.; Zhao, F.; Zhu, D.; Han, J.; Chen, H.; Cai, Y.; Chen, Z.; Xie, W. Long non-coding RNA LUCAT1 promotes proliferation and invasion in clear cell renal cell carcinoma through AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway. Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 2018, 48(3), 891-904. doi: 10.1159/000491957 PMID: 30032137
  101. Li, T.; Qian, D.; Guoyan, J.; Lei, Z. Downregulated long noncoding RNA LUCAT1 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of cardiomyocyte via miR-612/HOXA13 pathway in chronic heart failure. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., 2020, 24(1), 385-395. PMID: 31957853
  102. Zhou, J.; Zhang, H.; Zou, D.; Zhou, Z.; Wang, W.; Luo, Y.; Liu, T. Clinicopathologic and prognostic roles of circular RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 in various cancers. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn., 2021, 21(10), 1095-1104. doi: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1964959 PMID: 34346262
  103. Yu, Y-H.; Hu, Z-Y.; Li, M-H.; Li, B.; Wang, Z-M.; Chen, S-L. Cardiac hypertrophy is positively regulated by long non-coding RNA PVT1. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol., 2015, 8(3), 2582-2589. PMID: 26045764
  104. Cao, F.; Li, Z.; Ding, W.; Yan, L.; Zhao, Q. LncRNA PVT1 regulates atrial fibrosis via miR-128-3p-SP1-TGF-β1-Smad axis in atrial fibrillation. Mol. Med., 2019, 25(1), 7. doi: 10.1186/s10020-019-0074-5 PMID: 30616543
  105. Zheng, J.; Hu, L.; Cheng, J.; Xu, J.; Zhong, Z.; Yang, Y.; Yuan, Z. lncRNA PVT1 promotes the angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cell by targeting miR-26b to activate CTGF/ANGPT2. Int. J. Mol. Med., 2018, 42(1), 489-496. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3595 PMID: 29620147
  106. Sun, B.; Meng, M.; Wei, J.; Wang, S. Long noncoding RNA PVT1 contributes to vascular endothelial cell proliferation via inhibition of miR-190a-5p in diagnostic biomarker evaluation of chronic heart failure. Exp. Ther. Med., 2020, 19(5), 3348-3354. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.8599 PMID: 32266032
  107. Zhang, Z.; Fu, C.; Xu, Q.; Wei, X. Long non-coding RNA CASC7 inhibits the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells via inhibiting microRNA-21. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2017, 95, 1644-1653. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.052 PMID: 28954383
  108. Wang, G.; Duan, P.; Liu, F.; Wei, Z. Long non-coding RNA CASC7 suppresses malignant behaviors of breast cancer by regulating miR-21-5p/FASLG axis. Bioengineered, 2021, 12(2), 11555-11566. doi: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2010372 PMID: 34889164
  109. Xu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Cai, R.; He, S.; Dai, R.; Yang, X.; Kong, B.; Qin, Z.; Su, Q. Long non-coding RNA CASC7 is associated with the pathogenesis of heart failure via modulating the expression of miR-30c. J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2020, 24(19), 11500-11511. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.15764 PMID: 32860492
  110. Boeckel, J.N.; Perret, M.F.; Glaser, S.F.; Seeger, T.; Heumüller, A.W.; Chen, W.; John, D.; Kokot, K.E.; Katus, H.A.; Haas, J.; Lackner, M.K.; Kayvanpour, E.; Grabe, N.; Dieterich, C.; von Haehling, S.; Ebner, N.; Hünecke, S.; Leuschner, F.; Fichtlscherer, S.; Meder, B.; Zeiher, A.M.; Dimmeler, S.; Keller, T. Identification and regulation of the long non-coding RNA Heat2 in heart failure. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 2019, 126, 13-22. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.11.004 PMID: 30445017
  111. Faghihi, M.A.; Modarresi, F.; Khalil, A.M.; Wood, D.E.; Sahagan, B.G.; Morgan, T.E.; Finch, C.E.; St Laurent, G., III; Kenny, P.J.; Wahlestedt, C. Expression of a noncoding RNA is elevated in Alzheimer’s disease and drives rapid feed-forward regulation of beta-secretase. Nat. Med., 2008, 14(7), 723-730. doi: 10.1038/nm1784 PMID: 18587408
  112. Li, F.; Wang, Y.; Yang, H.; Xu, Y.; Zhou, X.; Zhang, X.; Xie, Z.; Bi, J. The effect of BACE1-AS on β-amyloid generation by regulating BACE1 mRNA expression. BMC Mol. Biol., 2019, 20(1), 23. doi: 10.1186/s12867-019-0140-0 PMID: 31570097
  113. Greco, S.; Zaccagnini, G.; Fuschi, P.; Voellenkle, C.; Carrara, M.; Sadeghi, I.; Bearzi, C.; Maimone, B.; Castelvecchio, S.; Stellos, K.; Gaetano, C.; Menicanti, L.; Martelli, F. Increased BACE1-AS long noncoding RNA and β-amyloid levels in heart failure. Cardiovasc. Res., 2017, 113(5), 453-463. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvx013 PMID: 28158647
  114. Shah, A.K.; Bhullar, S.K.; Elimban, V.; Dhalla, N.S. Oxidative stress as a mechanism for functional alterations in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Antioxidants, 2021, 10(6), 931. doi: 10.3390/antiox10060931 PMID: 34201261
  115. Song, C.; Zhang, J.; Liu, Y.; Pan, H.; Qi, H.; Cao, Y.; Zhao, J.; Li, S.; Guo, J.; Sun, H.; Li, C. Construction and analysis of cardiac hypertrophy-associated lncRNA-mRNA network based on competitive endogenous RNA reveal functional lncRNAs in cardiac hypertrophy. Oncotarget, 2016, 7(10), 10827-10840. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.7312 PMID: 26872060
  116. Gao, H.; Li, X.; Zhan, G.; Zhu, Y.; Yu, J.; Wang, J.; Li, L.; Wu, W.; Liu, N.; Guo, X. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Long noncoding RNA MAGI1-IT1 promoted invasion and metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer via the miR-200a/ZEB axis. Cell Cycle, 2019, 18(12), 1393-1406. doi: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1618121 PMID: 31122127
  117. Zhang, G.; Chen, H.X.; Yang, S.N.; Zhao, J. MAGI1-IT1 stimulates proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer by upregulating AKT1 as a ceRNA. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., 2020, 24(2), 691-698. PMID: 32016970
  118. Zhang, Q.; Wang, F.; Wang, F.; Wu, N. Long noncoding RNA MAGI1-IT1 regulates cardiac hypertrophy by modulating miR-302e/DKK1/Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. J. Cell. Physiol., 2020, 235(1), 245-253. doi: 10.1002/jcp.28964 PMID: 31222747
  119. Marinou, K.; Christodoulides, C.; Antoniades, C.; Koutsilieris, M. Wnt signaling in cardiovascular physiology. Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 2012, 23(12), 628-636. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2012.06.001 PMID: 22902904
  120. Bergmann, M.W. WNT signaling in adult cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling: Lessons learned from cardiac development. Circ. Res., 2010, 107(10), 1198-1208. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.223768 PMID: 21071717
  121. Yu, J.; Yang, Y.; Xu, Z.; Lan, C.; Chen, C.; Li, C.; Chen, Z.; Yu, C.; Xia, X.; Liao, Q. Long noncoding RNA ahit protects against cardiac hypertrophy through SUZ12-mediated downregulation of MEF2A. Circ. Heart Fail., 2020, 13(1), e006525. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006525 PMID: 31957467
  122. McCalmon, S.A.; Desjardins, D.M.; Ahmad, S.; Davidoff, K.S.; Snyder, C.M.; Sato, K.; Ohashi, K.; Kielbasa, O.M.; Mathew, M.; Ewen, E.P.; Walsh, K.; Gavras, H.; Naya, F.J. Modulation of angiotensin II-mediated cardiac remodeling by the MEF2A target gene Xirp2. Circ. Res., 2010, 106(5), 952-960. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.209007 PMID: 20093629
  123. Gholami, A.; Farhadi, K.; Sayyadipour, F.; Soleimani, M.; Saba, F. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human lymphomas. Genes Dis., 2022, 9(4), 900-914. doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.02.001 PMID: 35685474
  124. Cruz-Miranda, G.; Hidalgo-Miranda, A.; Bárcenas-López, D.; Núñez-Enríquez, J.; Ramírez-Bello, J.; Mejía-Aranguré, J.; Jiménez-Morales, S. Long non-coding RNA and acute leukemia. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2019, 20(3), 735. doi: 10.3390/ijms20030735 PMID: 30744139
  125. Zhang, M.; Jiang, Y.; Guo, X.; Zhang, B.; Wu, J.; Sun, J.; Liang, H.; Shan, H.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, J.; Wang, Y.; Wang, L.; Zhang, R.; Yang, B.; Xu, C. Long non-coding RNA cardiac hypertrophy-associated regulator governs cardiac hypertrophy via regulating miR-20b and the downstream PTEN/AKT pathway. J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2019, 23(11), 7685-7698. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.14641 PMID: 31465630
  126. Ke, Z.P.; Xu, P.; Shi, Y.; Gao, A.M. MicroRNA-93 inhibits ischemia-reperfusion induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by targeting PTEN. Oncotarget, 2016, 7(20), 28796-28805. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8941 PMID: 27119510
  127. Roe, N.D.; Xu, X.; Kandadi, M.R.; Hu, N.; Pang, J.; Weiser-Evans, M.C.M.; Ren, J. Targeted deletion of PTEN in cardiomyocytes renders cardiac contractile dysfunction through interruption of Pink1–AMPK signaling and autophagy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis., 2015, 1852(2), 290-298. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.09.002 PMID: 25229693
  128. Yang, X.; Qin, Y.; Shao, S.; Yu, Y.; Zhang, C.; Dong, H.; Lv, G.; Dong, S. MicroRNA-214 inhibits left ventricular remodeling in an acute myocardial infarction rat model by suppressing cellular apoptosis via the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Int. Heart J., 2016, 57(2), 247-250. doi: 10.1536/ihj.15-293 PMID: 26973267
  129. Yu, L.; Li, F.; Zhao, G.; Yang, Y.; Jin, Z.; Zhai, M.; Yu, W.; Zhao, L.; Chen, W.; Duan, W.; Yu, S. Protective effect of berberine against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury: Role of Notch1/Hes1-PTEN/Akt signaling. Apoptosis, 2015, 20(6), 796-810. doi: 10.1007/s10495-015-1122-4 PMID: 25824534
  130. Braz, J.C.; Gill, R.M.; Corbly, A.K.; Jones, B.D.; Jin, N.; Vlahos, C.J.; Wu, Q.; Shen, W. Selective activation of PI3Kα/Akt/GSK-3β signalling and cardiac compensatory hypertrophy during recovery from heart failure. Eur. J. Heart Fail., 2009, 11(8), 739-748. doi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfp094 PMID: 19633101
  131. Zeng, R.; Xiong, Y.; Zhu, F.; Ma, Z.; Liao, W.; He, Y.; He, J.; Li, W.; Yang, J.; Lu, Q.; Xu, G.; Yao, Y. Fenofibrate attenuated glucose-induced mesangial cells proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis via PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2. PLoS One, 2013, 8(10), e76836. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076836 PMID: 24130796
  132. Wei, F.; Wang, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Li, Y. Long noncoding RNA CYTOR triggers gastric cancer progression by targeting miR-103/RAB10. Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin., 2021, 53(8), 1044-1054. doi: 10.1093/abbs/gmab071 PMID: 34110382
  133. Zhang, J.; Li, W. Long noncoding RNA CYTOR sponges miR-195 to modulate proliferation, migration, invasion and radiosensitivity in nonsmall cell lung cancer cells. Biosci. Rep., 2018, 38(6), BSR20181599. doi: 10.1042/BSR20181599 PMID: 30487160
  134. Wang, X.; Yu, H.; Sun, W.; Kong, J.; Zhang, L.; Tang, J.; Wang, J.; Xu, E.; Lai, M.; Zhang, H. The long non-coding RNA CYTOR drives colorectal cancer progression by interacting with NCL and Sam68. Mol. Cancer, 2018, 17(1), 110. doi: 10.1186/s12943-018-0860-7 PMID: 30064438
  135. Yuan, Y.; Wang, J.; Chen, Q.; Wu, Q.; Deng, W.; Zhou, H.; Shen, D. Long non-coding RNA cytoskeleton regulator RNA (CYTOR) modulates pathological cardiac hypertrophy through miR-155-mediated IKKi signaling. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis., 2019, 1865(6), 1421-1427. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.02.014 PMID: 30794866
  136. Dai, J.; Shen, D.F.; Bian, Z.Y.; Zhou, H.; Gan, H.W.; Zong, J.; Deng, W.; Yuan, Y.; Li, F.; Wu, Q.Q.; Gao, L.; Zhang, R.; Ma, Z.G.; Li, H.L.; Tang, Q.Z. IKKi deficiency promotes pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. PLoS One, 2013, 8(1), e53412. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053412 PMID: 23349709
  137. Seok, H.Y.; Chen, J.; Kataoka, M.; Huang, Z.P.; Ding, J.; Yan, J.; Hu, X.; Wang, D.Z. Loss of MicroRNA-155 protects the heart from pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Circ. Res., 2014, 114(10), 1585-1595. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.303784 PMID: 24657879
  138. Wang, K.; Liu, F.; Zhou, L.Y.; Long, B.; Yuan, S.M.; Wang, Y.; Liu, C.Y.; Sun, T.; Zhang, X.J.; Li, P.F. The long noncoding RNA CHRF regulates cardiac hypertrophy by targeting miR-489. Circ. Res., 2014, 114(9), 1377-1388. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.302476 PMID: 24557880
  139. Feng, Y.; Zou, L.; Si, R.; Nagasaka, Y.; Chao, W. Bone marrow MyD88 signaling modulates neutrophil function and ischemic myocardial injury. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol., 2010, 299(4), C760-C769. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00155.2010 PMID: 20631245
  140. Ha, T.; Hua, F.; Li, Y.; Ma, J.; Gao, X.; Kelley, J.; Zhao, A.; Haddad, G.E.; Williams, D.L.; Browder, I.W.; Kao, R.L.; Li, C. Blockade of MyD88 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and decreases cardiac myocyte apoptosis in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2006, 290(3), H985-H994. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00720.2005 PMID: 16199478
  141. Wo, Y.; Guo, J.; Li, P.; Yang, H.; Wo, J. Long non-coding RNA CHRF facilitates cardiac hypertrophy through regulating Akt3 via miR-93. Cardiovasc. Pathol., 2018, 35, 29-36. doi: 10.1016/j.carpath.2018.04.003 PMID: 29747050
  142. van Rooij, E.; Sutherland, L.B.; Liu, N.; Williams, A.H.; McAnally, J.; Gerard, R.D.; Richardson, J.A.; Olson, E.N. A signature pattern of stress-responsive microRNAs that can evoke cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2006, 103(48), 18255-18260. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0608791103 PMID: 17108080
  143. Heineke, J.; Molkentin, J.D. Regulation of cardiac hypertrophy by intracellular signalling pathways. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2006, 7(8), 589-600. doi: 10.1038/nrm1983 PMID: 16936699
  144. Dorn, G.W., II; Force, T. Protein kinase cascades in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy. J. Clin. Invest., 2005, 115(3), 527-537. doi: 10.1172/JCI24178 PMID: 15765134
  145. Taniyama, Y.; Ito, M.; Sato, K.; Kuester, C.; Veit, K.; Tremp, G.; Liao, R.; Colucci, W.; Ivashchenko, Y.; Walsh, K.; Shiojima, I. Akt3 overexpression in the heart results in progression from adaptive to maladaptive hypertrophy. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 2005, 38(2), 375-385. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2004.12.002 PMID: 15698844
  146. Liao, J.; He, Q.; Li, M.; Chen, Y.; Liu, Y.; Wang, J. LncRNA MIAT: Myocardial infarction associated and more. Gene, 2016, 578(2), 158-161. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.032 PMID: 26707210
  147. Ishii, N.; Ozaki, K.; Sato, H.; Mizuno, H.; Susumu Saito; Takahashi, A.; Miyamoto, Y.; Ikegawa, S.; Kamatani, N.; Hori, M.; Satoshi, S; Nakamura, Y.; Tanaka, T. Identification of a novel non-coding RNA, MIAT, that confers risk of myocardial infarction. J. Hum. Genet., 2006, 51(12), 1087-1099. doi: 10.1007/s10038-006-0070-9 PMID: 17066261
  148. Shen, Y.; Dong, L.F.; Zhou, R.M.; Yao, J.; Song, Y.C.; Yang, H.; Jiang, Q.; Yan, B. Role of long non-coding RNA MIAT in proliferation, apoptosis and migration of lens epithelial cells: A clinical and in vitro study. J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2016, 20(3), 537-548. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12755 PMID: 26818536
  149. Yan, B.; Yao, J.; Liu, J.Y.; Li, X.M.; Wang, X.Q.; Li, Y.J.; Tao, Z.F.; Song, Y.C.; Chen, Q.; Jiang, Q. lncRNA-MIAT regulates microvascular dysfunction by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA. Circ. Res., 2015, 116(7), 1143-1156. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.305510 PMID: 25587098
  150. Liu, W.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhu, X.; Zhang, R.; Guan, L.; Tang, Q.; Jiang, H.; Huang, C.; Huang, H. MicroRNA-150 protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. J. Cell. Biochem., 2015, 116(10), 2166-2176. doi: 10.1002/jcb.25057 PMID: 25639779
  151. Li, Z.; Liu, Y.; Guo, X.; Sun, G.; Ma, Q.; Dai, Y.; Zhu, G.; Sun, Y. Long noncoding RNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript is associated with the microRNA-150-5p/P300 pathway in cardiac hypertrophy. Int. J. Mol. Med., 2018, 42(3), 1265-1272. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3700 PMID: 29786749
  152. Duan, Y.; Zhou, B.; Su, H.; Liu, Y.; Du, C. miR-150 regulates high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by targeting the transcriptional co-activator p300. Exp. Cell Res., 2013, 319(3), 173-184. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.11.015 PMID: 23211718
  153. Li, Y.; Wang, J.; Sun, L.; Zhu, S. LncRNA myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) contributed to cardiac hypertrophy by regulating TLR4 via miR-93. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 2018, 818, 508-517. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.031 PMID: 29157986
  154. Baumgarten, G.; Knuefermann, P.; Nozaki, N.; Sivasubramanian, N.; Mann, D.L.; Vallejo, J.G. In vivo expression of proinflammatory mediators in the adult heart after endotoxin administration: The role of toll-like receptor-4. J. Infect. Dis., 2001, 183(11), 1617-1624. doi: 10.1086/320712 PMID: 11343210
  155. Dange, R.B.; Agarwal, D.; Masson, G.S.; Vila, J.; Wilson, B.; Nair, A.; Francis, J. Central blockade of TLR4 improves cardiac function and attenuates myocardial inflammation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Cardiovasc. Res., 2014, 103(1), 17-27. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvu067 PMID: 24667851
  156. Ji, Y.; Liu, J.; Wang, Z.; Liu, N. Angiotensin II induces inflammatory response partly via toll-like receptor 4-dependent signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 2009, 23(4-6), 265-276. doi: 10.1159/000218173 PMID: 19471094
  157. Ha, T.; Li, Y.; Hua, F.; Ma, J.; Gao, X.; Kelley, J.; Zhao, A.; Haddad, G.; Williams, D.; Williambrowder, I.; Kao, R.L.; Li, C. Reduced cardiac hypertrophy in toll-like receptor 4-deficient mice following pressure overload. Cardiovasc. Res., 2005, 68(2), 224-234. doi: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.05.025 PMID: 15967420
  158. Loewer, S.; Cabili, M.N.; Guttman, M.; Loh, Y.H.; Thomas, K.; Park, I.H.; Garber, M.; Curran, M.; Onder, T.; Agarwal, S.; Manos, P.D.; Datta, S.; Lander, E.S.; Schlaeger, T.M.; Daley, G.Q.; Rinn, J.L. Large intergenic non-coding RNA-RoR modulates reprogramming of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nat. Genet., 2010, 42(12), 1113-1117. doi: 10.1038/ng.710 PMID: 21057500
  159. Lu, R.; Chen, J.; Kong, L.; Zhu, H. Prognostic value of lncRNA ROR expression in various cancers: A meta-analysis. Biosci. Rep., 2018, 38(5), BSR20181095. doi: 10.1042/BSR20181095 PMID: 30076198
  160. Jiang, F.; Zhou, X.; Huang, J. Long non-coding RNA-ROR mediates the reprogramming in cardiac hypertrophy. PLoS One, 2016, 11(4), e0152767. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152767 PMID: 27082978
  161. Carè, A.; Catalucci, D.; Felicetti, F.; Bonci, D.; Addario, A.; Gallo, P.; Bang, M.L.; Segnalini, P.; Gu, Y.; Dalton, N.D.; Elia, L.; Latronico, M.V.G.; Høydal, M.; Autore, C.; Russo, M.A.; Dorn, G.W., II; Ellingsen, Ø.; Ruiz-Lozano, P.; Peterson, K.L.; Croce, C.M.; Peschle, C.; Condorelli, G. MicroRNA-133 controls cardiac hypertrophy. Nat. Med., 2007, 13(5), 613-618. doi: 10.1038/nm1582 PMID: 17468766
  162. Xu, L.; Wang, H.; Jiang, F.; Sun, H.; Zhang, D. LncRNA AK045171 protects the heart from cardiac hypertrophy by regulating the SP1/MG53 signalling pathway. Aging, 2020, 12(4), 3126-3139. doi: 10.18632/aging.102668 PMID: 32087602
  163. Azakie, A.; Fineman, J.R.; He, Y. Sp3 inhibits Sp1-mediated activation of the cardiac troponin T promoter and is downregulated during pathological cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2006, 291(2), H600-H611. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.01305.2005 PMID: 16617124
  164. Liu, W.; Wang, G.; Zhang, C.; Ding, W.; Cheng, W.; Luo, Y.; Wei, C.; Liu, J. MG53, a novel regulator of KChIP2 and Ito,f, plays a critical role in electrophysiological remodeling in cardiac hypertrophy. Circulation, 2019, 139(18), 2142-2156. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.029413 PMID: 30760025
  165. Dhingra, R.; Vasan, R.S. Biomarkers in cardiovascular disease: Statistical assessment and section on key novel heart failure biomarkers. Trends Cardiovasc. Med., 2017, 27(2), 123-133. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2016.07.005 PMID: 27576060
  166. Villacorta, H.; Maisel, A.S. Soluble ST2 testing: A promising biomarker in the management of heart failure. Arq. Bras. Cardiol., 2016, 106(2), 145-152. PMID: 26761075
  167. Paul, T.K.; Mukherjee, D. Silent myocardial infarction and risk of heart failure. Ann. Transl. Med., 2018, 6(S1), S35. doi: 10.21037/atm.2018.09.45 PMID: 30613610
  168. Luo, F.; Wang, T.; Zeng, L.; Zhu, S.; Cao, W.; Wu, W.; Wu, H.; Zou, T. Diagnostic potential of circulating LncRNAs in human cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis. Biosci. Rep., 2018, 38(6), BSR20181610. doi: 10.1042/BSR20181610 PMID: 30361292
  169. Terracciano, D.; Ferro, M.; Terreri, S.; Lucarelli, G.; D’Elia, C.; Musi, G.; de Cobelli, O.; Mirone, V.; Cimmino, A. Urinary long noncoding RNAs in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer: New architects in cancer prognostic biomarkers. Transl. Res., 2017, 184, 108-117. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.03.005 PMID: 28438520
  170. Martignano, F.; Rossi, L.; Maugeri, A.; Gallà, V.; Conteduca, V.; De Giorgi, U.; Casadio, V.; Schepisi, G. Urinary RNA-based biomarkers for prostate cancer detection. Clin. Chim. Acta, 2017, 473, 96-105. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.08.009 PMID: 28807541
  171. Zhou, X.; Yin, C.; Dang, Y.; Ye, F.; Zhang, G. Identification of the long non-coding RNA H19 in plasma as a novel biomarker for diagnosis of gastric cancer. Sci. Rep., 2015, 5(1), 11516. doi: 10.1038/srep11516 PMID: 26096073
  172. Viereck, J.; Thum, T. Circulating noncoding RNAs as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and injury. Circ. Res., 2017, 120(2), 381-399. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308434 PMID: 28104771
  173. Li, Q.; Shao, Y.; Zhang, X.; Zheng, T.; Miao, M.; Qin, L.; Wang, B.; Ye, G.; Xiao, B.; Guo, J. Plasma long noncoding RNA protected by exosomes as a potential stable biomarker for gastric cancer. Tumour Biol., 2015, 36(3), 2007-2012. doi: 10.1007/s13277-014-2807-y PMID: 25391424
  174. Fritz, J.V.; Heintz-Buschart, A.; Ghosal, A.; Wampach, L.; Etheridge, A.; Galas, D.; Wilmes, P. Sources and functions of extracellular small RNAs in human circulation. Annu. Rev. Nutr., 2016, 36(1), 301-336. doi: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071715-050711 PMID: 27215587
  175. Xuan, L.; Sun, L.; Zhang, Y.; Huang, Y.; Hou, Y.; Li, Q.; Guo, Y.; Feng, B.; Cui, L.; Wang, X.; Wang, Z.; Tian, Y.; Yu, B.; Wang, S.; Xu, C.; Zhang, M.; Du, Z.; Lu, Y.; Yang, B.F. Circulating long non-coding RNAs NRON and MHRT as novel predictive biomarkers of heart failure. J. Cell. Mol. Med., 2017, 21(9), 1803-1814. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.13101 PMID: 28296001
  176. Abu el Maaty, M.A.; Hanafi, R.S.; El-Badawy, S.; Gad, M.Z. Interplay of vitamin D and nitric oxide in post-menopausal knee osteoarthritis. Aging Clin. Exp. Res., 2014, 26(4), 363-368. doi: 10.1007/s40520-013-0192-9 PMID: 24374888
  177. Zhang, L.; Wu, Y-J.; Zhang, S-L. Circulating lncRNA MHRT predicts survival of patients with chronic heart failure. J. Geriatr. Cardiol., 2019, 16(11), 818-821. PMID: 31853247
  178. Bossuyt, P.M.; Reitsma, J.B.; Bruns, D.E.; Gatsonis, C.A.; Glasziou, P.P.; Irwig, L.M.; Moher, D.; Rennie, D.; de Vet, H.C.; Lijmer, J.G. The STARD statement for reporting studies of diagnostic accuracy: Explanation and elaboration. Ann. Intern. Med., 2003, 138(1), W1-12. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-138-1-200301070-00010 PMID: 12513067
  179. Adams, B.D.; Parsons, C.; Walker, L.; Zhang, W.C.; Slack, F.J. Targeting noncoding RNAs in disease. J. Clin. Invest., 2017, 127(3), 761-771. doi: 10.1172/JCI84424 PMID: 28248199
  180. Collins, L.; Binder, P.; Chen, H.; Wang, X. Regulation of long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in heart disease: Insight into mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Front. Physiol., 2020, 11, 798. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00798 PMID: 32754048
  181. Rincon, M.Y.; VandenDriessche, T.; Chuah, M.K. Gene therapy for cardiovascular disease: Advances in vector development, targeting, and delivery for clinical translation. Cardiovasc. Res., 2015, 108(1), 4-20. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvv205 PMID: 26239654
  182. Wang, K.; Sun, T.; Li, N.; Wang, Y.; Wang, J.X.; Zhou, L.Y.; Long, B.; Liu, C.Y.; Liu, F.; Li, P.F. MDRL lncRNA regulates the processing of miR-484 primary transcript by targeting miR-361. PLoS Genet., 2014, 10(7), e1004467. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004467 PMID: 25057983
  183. Aparicio-Prat, E.; Arnan, C.; Sala, I.; Bosch, N.; Guigó, R.; Johnson, R. DECKO: Single-oligo, dual-CRISPR deletion of genomic elements including long non-coding RNAs. BMC Genomics, 2015, 16(1), 846. doi: 10.1186/s12864-015-2086-z PMID: 26493208
  184. Liu, S.J.; Horlbeck, M.A.; Cho, S.W.; Birk, H.S.; Malatesta, M.; He, D.; Attenello, F.J.; Villalta, J.E.; Cho, M.Y.; Chen, Y.; Mandegar, M.A.; Olvera, M.P.; Gilbert, L.A.; Conklin, B.R.; Chang, H.Y.; Weissman, J.S.; Lim, D.A. CRISPRi-based genome-scale identification of functional long noncoding RNA loci in human cells. Science, 2017, 355(6320), eaah7111. doi: 10.1126/science.aah7111 PMID: 27980086
  185. Fazil, M.H.U.T.; Ong, S.T.; Chalasani, M.L.S.; Low, J.H.; Kizhakeyil, A.; Mamidi, A.; Lim, C.F.H.; Wright, G.D.; Lakshminarayanan, R.; Kelleher, D.; Verma, N.K. GapmeR cellular internalization by macropinocytosis induces sequence-specific gene silencing in human primary T-cells. Sci. Rep., 2016, 6(1), 37721. doi: 10.1038/srep37721 PMID: 27883055
  186. Swayze, E.E.; Siwkowski, A.M.; Wancewicz, E.V.; Migawa, M.T.; Wyrzykiewicz, T.K.; Hung, G.; Monia, B.P.; Bennett, C.F. Antisense oligonucleotides containing locked nucleic acid improve potency but cause significant hepatotoxicity in animals. Nucleic Acids Res., 2007, 35(2), 687-700. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkl1071 PMID: 17182632
  187. Micheletti, R.; Plaisance, I.; Abraham, B.J.; Sarre, A.; Ting, C.C.; Alexanian, M.; Maric, D.; Maison, D.; Nemir, M.; Young, R.A.; Schroen, B.; González, A.; Ounzain, S.; Pedrazzini, T. The long noncoding RNA Wisper controls cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. Sci. Transl. Med., 2017, 9(395), eaai9118. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai9118 PMID: 28637928
  188. Piccoli, M.T.; Gupta, S.K.; Viereck, J.; Foinquinos, A.; Samolovac, S.; Kramer, F.L.; Garg, A.; Remke, J.; Zimmer, K.; Batkai, S.; Thum, T. Inhibition of the cardiac fibroblast–enriched lncRNA Meg3 prevents cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. Circ. Res., 2017, 121(5), 575-583. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310624 PMID: 28630135
  189. Viereck, J.; Kumarswamy, R.; Foinquinos, A.; Xiao, K.; Avramopoulos, P.; Kunz, M.; Dittrich, M.; Maetzig, T.; Zimmer, K.; Remke, J.; Just, A.; Fendrich, J.; Scherf, K.; Bolesani, E.; Schambach, A.; Weidemann, F.; Zweigerdt, R.; de Windt, L.J.; Engelhardt, S.; Dandekar, T.; Batkai, S.; Thum, T. Long noncoding RNA Chast promotes cardiac remodeling. Sci. Transl. Med., 2016, 8(326), 326ra22. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf1475 PMID: 26888430
  190. Burdick, A.D.; Sciabola, S.; Mantena, S.R.; Hollingshead, B.D.; Stanton, R.; Warneke, J.A.; Zeng, M.; Martsen, E.; Medvedev, A.; Makarov, S.S.; Reed, L.A.; Davis, J.W., II; Whiteley, L.O. Sequence motifs associated with hepatotoxicity of locked nucleic acid—modified antisense oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res., 2014, 42(8), 4882-4891. doi: 10.1093/nar/gku142 PMID: 24550163
  191. Ounzain, S.; Micheletti, R.; Arnan, C.; Plaisance, I.; Cecchi, D.; Schroen, B.; Reverter, F.; Alexanian, M.; Gonzales, C.; Ng, S.Y.; Bussotti, G.; Pezzuto, I.; Notredame, C.; Heymans, S.; Guigó, R.; Johnson, R.; Pedrazzini, T. CARMEN, a human super enhancer-associated long noncoding RNA controlling cardiac specification, differentiation and homeostasis. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 2015, 89(Pt A), 98-112. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.09.016
  192. Poller, W.; Dimmeler, S.; Heymans, S.; Zeller, T.; Haas, J.; Karakas, M.; Leistner, D.M.; Jakob, P.; Nakagawa, S.; Blankenberg, S.; Engelhardt, S.; Thum, T.; Weber, C.; Meder, B.; Hajjar, R.; Landmesser, U. Non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases: Diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Eur. Heart J., 2018, 39(29), 2704-2716. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx165 PMID: 28430919
  193. Kemp, C.D.; Conte, J.V. The pathophysiology of heart failure. Cardiovasc. Pathol., 2012, 21(5), 365-371. doi: 10.1016/j.carpath.2011.11.007 PMID: 22227365
  194. Frey, N.; Olson, E.N. Cardiac hypertrophy: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Annu. Rev. Physiol., 2003, 65(1), 45-79. doi: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.65.092101.142243 PMID: 12524460
  195. Vaduganathan, M.; Greene, S.J.; Butler, J.; Sabbah, H.N.; Shantsila, E.; Lip, G.Y.H.; Gheorghiade, M. The immunological axis in heart failure: Importance of the leukocyte differential. Heart Fail. Rev., 2013, 18(6), 835-845. doi: 10.1007/s10741-012-9352-9 PMID: 23054221
  196. Kumar, A.; Supowit, S.; Potts, J.D.; DiPette, D.J. Alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide prevents pressure-overload induced heart failure: Role of apoptosis and oxidative stress. Physiol. Rep., 2019, 7(21), e14269. doi: 10.14814/phy2.14269 PMID: 31724338
  197. van der Pol, A.; van Gilst, W.H.; Voors, A.A.; van der Meer, P. Treating oxidative stress in heart failure: Past, present and future. Eur. J. Heart Fail., 2019, 21(4), 425-435. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1320 PMID: 30338885
  198. Sui, Y.B.; Wang, Y.; Liu, L.; Liu, F.; Zhang, Y.Q. Astragaloside IV alleviates heart failure by promoting angiogenesis through the JAK-STAT3 pathway. Pharm. Biol., 2019, 57(1), 48-54. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1569697 PMID: 30905241
  199. Ghosh, R.; Pattison, J.S. Macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy in heart failure: The known and the unknown. Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2018, 2018, 8602041. doi: 10.1155/2018/8602041
  200. Rosik, J.; Szostak, B.; Machaj, F.; Pawlik, A. Potential targets of gene therapy in the treatment of heart failure. Expert Opin. Ther. Targets, 2018, 22(9), 811-816. doi: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1514012 PMID: 30124081
  201. Creemers, E.E.; Wilde, A.A.; Pinto, Y.M. Heart failure: advances through genomics. Nat. Rev. Genet., 2011, 12(5), 357-362. doi: 10.1038/nrg2983 PMID: 21423240
  202. Yu, X.; Zou, T.; Zou, L.; Jin, J.; Xiao, F.; Yang, J. Plasma long noncoding RNA urothelial carcinoma associated 1 predicts poor prognosis in chronic heart failure patients. Med. Sci. Monit., 2017, 23, 2226-2231. doi: 10.12659/MSM.904113 PMID: 28490726
  203. Zhuang, A.; Calkin, A.C.; Lau, S.; Kiriazis, H.; Donner, D.G.; Liu, Y.; Bond, S.T.; Moody, S.C.; Gould, E.A.M.; Colgan, T.D.; Carmona, S.R.; Inouye, M.; de Aguiar Vallim, T.Q.; Tarling, E.J.; Quaife-Ryan, G.A.; Hudson, J.E.; Porrello, E.R.; Gregorevic, P.; Gao, X.M.; Du, X.J.; McMullen, J.R.; Drew, B.G. Loss of the long non-coding RNA OIP5-AS1 exacerbates heart failure in a sex-specific manner. iScience, 2021, 24(6), 102537. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102537 PMID: 34142046

Қосымша файлдар

Қосымша файлдар
Әрекет
1. JATS XML
Жүктеу

© Bentham Science Publishers, 2024