An Update on Glutathione's Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Functions, and Medicinal Purposes


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Аннотация

Glutathione (GSH) has been the focus of increased scientific interest in the last decades. It plays a crucial role in all major physiological processes by supplying antioxidant defenses through participating in cellular redox reactions in the human body and other living organisms. GSH also participates in detoxifying xenobiotics, protecting protein thiols from crosslinking and oxidation, regulating the cell cycle, storing cysteine, etc. The significant role of GSH in the most important physiological processes has been highlighted, such as maintaining the redox balance and reducing oxidative stress due to its ability to inactivate the reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species. It can also enhance metabolic detoxification and regulate the function of the immune system. All of these characteristics make it a universal biomarker since its proper balance is essential for improving health and treating some age-related disorders. This review presents a current concept of the synthesis and metabolism of GSH; its main functions in a living organism, and as a precursor and cofactor; data on the use of GSH for medicinal purposes in the prevention and treatment of some diseases, as well as a nutritional strategy to maintain a normal pool of GSH in the body. The data were gathered by searching relevant information in multiple databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar.

Об авторах

Amin Gasmi

Department of Research, Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Aniqa Nasreen

Department of Physiology, King Edward Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Larysa Lenchyk

Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National University of Pharmacy

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Roman Lysiuk

Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Massimiliano Peana

Department of Chemical, Physics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Nataliya Shapovalova

Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Salva Piscopo

Department of Research, Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Mykola Komisarenko

Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, National University of Pharmacy

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Mariia Shanaida

Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany, Ternopil State Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Kateryna Smetanina

Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacy, Lutsk National Technical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Halyna Antonyak

Department of Ecology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Liudmyla Fira

Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany, Ternopil State Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Petro Lykhatskyi

Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany, Ternopil State Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Dmytro Fira

Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany, Ternopil State Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Geir Bjørklund

Department of Research, Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

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