A Review on the use of Synthetic and Recombinant Antigens for the Immunodiagnosis of Tegumentary Leishmaniasis


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Abstract

:Improving the diagnostic technology used to detect tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is essential in view of it being a widespread, often neglected tropical disease, with cases reported from the Southern United States to Northern Argentina. Recombinant proteins, recombinant multiepitope proteins, and synthetic peptides have been extensively researched and used in disease diagnosis. One of the benefits of applying these antigens is a measurable increase in sensitivity and specificity, which improves test accuracy. The present review aims to describe the use of these antigens and their diagnostic effectiveness. With that in mind, a bibliographic survey was conducted on the PudMed platform using the search terms "tegumentary leishmaniasis" AND "diagno", revealing that recombinant proteins have been described and evaluated for their value in TL diagnosis since the 1990s. However, there was a spike in the number of publications using all of the antigens between 2013 and 2022, confirming an expansion in research efforts to improve diagnosis. Moreover, all of the studies involving different antigens had promising results, including improved sensitivity and specificity. These data recognize the importance of doing research with new technologies focused on developing quick, more effective diagnostic kits as early diagnosis facilitates treatment.

About the authors

Kamila Silva

Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Anna Ribeiro

Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Isadora Gandra

Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Carlos Resende

Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Lucas da Silva Lopes

Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Carolina Couto

Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Verônica de Araujo Freire

Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Isabelle Barcelos

Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Sabrina Pereira

Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Sandra Xavier

Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Mariana da Paz

Laboratório de Bioativos e Nanobiotecnologia, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Rodolfo Giunchetti

Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Miguel Chávez-Fumagalli

Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Ana Alice Gonçalves

Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Eduardo Coelho

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Alexsandro Galdino

Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del-Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro Oeste

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

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