Crystallization of monosulfide solid solution under diamond formation parameters: experiments in the Fe‒Ni‒S system

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Abstract

The samples of monosulfide solid solution (Mss) based on α-NiS and FeS were obtained at P = 7.0 GPa and T = 900–1500°C with previously synthesized sulfide compounds by solid-phase method at T = 400–600°C. The structural and textural characteristics of the samples were identified and the unit cell parameters of the investigated sulfides were determined. Based on the revealed features and chemical compositions a fragment of the phase diagram in the Fe–Ni–S system with the assumed solidus and liquidus lines was constructed. According to the obtained results, in the studied range of compositions a continuous series of solid solutions of minerals (Mss) is formed. The evolution of the composition of monosulfide solid solution and corresponding sulfide melt under diamond formation conditions as a function of temperature change was traced. We have preliminary estimated the maximum Ni content in sulfide melts (up to 58 wt. %), which may crystallize the minerals found in inclusions in natural diamonds of the peridotite association.

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About the authors

N. Y. Sharapova

D.S. Korzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: sharapovani@iem.ac.ru
Russian Federation, Chernogolovka, Moscow district

A. V. Bobrov

D.S. Korzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy the Russian Academy of Sciences; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: sharapovani@iem.ac.ru

Faculty of Geology

Russian Federation, Chernogolovka, Moscow district; Moscow

A. V. Spivak

D.S. Korzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: sharapovani@iem.ac.ru
Russian Federation, Chernogolovka, Moscow district

Y. B. Shapovalov

D.S. Korzhinskii Institute of Experimental Mineralogy the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: sharapovani@iem.ac.ru

Corresponding Member of the RAS

Russian Federation, Chernogolovka, Moscow district

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Compositions of sulfide inclusions in natural diamonds in the diagram in Fe‒Ni‒S coordinates (at. %) [2, 3, 12, 14, 15]. (E) and (P) are eclogite and ultrabasic (peridotite) associations, respectively. The red dotted line marks the assumed boundaries of the compositions of monosulfide solid solutions of ultrabasic paragenesis [12, 13]

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3. Fig. 2. Schematic representation of a quasi-isothermal experimental high-pressure solid-phase cell of the anvil with a hole apparatus (toroid) [21]: 1 – lithographic stone (limestone, Algeti, Georgia); 2 – insulator of the composition MgO + BN; 3 – sample; 4 – Pt70Rh30/Pt94Rh6 thermocouple in an Al2O3 holder (off–scale); 5 - graphite ampoule/heater

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4. Fig. 3. Experimental results in the Fe‒Ni‒S system. (a) Fr. 936: Fe0.25Ni0.75S, T = 1300°C; (b) Fr. 950: Fe0.75Ni0.25S, T = 1500°C; (c) Fr. 922: Fe0.75Ni0.25S, T = 1400°C; (d) 939: FeS, T = 1240°C. Images in reflected electrons

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5. 4. Compositions of sulfide phases obtained in the Fe‒Ni‒S system at 7 GPa and 900-1500°C. Gray circles indicate monosulfide solid solutions, red circles indicate sulfide melts: (a) the compositions of experimentally obtained sulfide phases correspond to inclusions in natural diamonds (P) and (E) – the composition regions of Mss peridotite and eclogite parageneses (see [3] and the literature listed there); (b) compositions of coexisting Mss and sulfide melts (connected by connodes). The experiment numbers correspond to the data shown in Table 3. The line marks the assumed boundaries of the field of the molten phase and solid solutions (solidus and liquidus)

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