Clinical features of pulmonary embolism in patients with previous recent COVID-19 infection

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the most significant thromboembolic complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies have demonstrated the clinical features of PE in patients in the acute phase of COVID-19. The features of the course of PE diagnosed after an acute infection have not been sufficiently studied.

AIM: To study the clinical picture of PE that occurred within 3 months after COVID-19.

METHODS: A retrospective study was completed. Patients were hospitalized with a diagnosis of PE between January 2020 and December 2021. Two subgroups were formed: with a history of recent (up to 3 months) COVID-19 infection and without a history of COVID-19.

RESULTS: Of the 278 patients hospitalized with PE, 44 had anamnesis of COVID-19, and 69 had no anamnesis of infection. In the remaining 165 patients with PE, determining the presence or absence of a history of COVID-19 was impossible. In the analysis of the clinical picture and examination results of 44 patients with COVID-19, distal localization of thrombotic lung lesions was predominant, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities was lower, and right heart lesions were noted. A tendency toward the presence of diabetes mellitus, anemia, and thrombocytopenia was found.

CONCLUSION: Patients with PE and history of COVID-19 have features of clinical presentation. The identified signs are consistent with the results of studies that have evaluated the course and clinical signs of PE in the acute period of COVID-19. Similar manifestations may indicate a significant effect of COVID-19 on PE signs both during and after the acute period of COVID-19. Clinical features were determined by the severity of the previous infection.

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About the authors

Sergei K. Kononov

Center of cardiology and neurology; Kirov state medical university

Email: skkononov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7007-584X
SPIN-code: 3111-3489

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate professor

Russian Federation, 41 Ivana Popova street, 610014 Kirov; Kirov, 610998

Oleg V. Solovev

Center of cardiology and neurology; Kirov state medical university

Email: kft@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2590-9283
SPIN-code: 4537-8006

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor

Russian Federation, 41 Ivana Popova street, 610014 Kirov; Kirov, 610998

Artem R. Kraev

Center of cardiology and neurology; Kirov state medical university

Email: art.kraev96@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1993-8790

Postgraduate student of the Department of Faculty Therapy

Russian Federation, 41 Ivana Popova street, 610014 Kirov; Kirov, 610998

Uliana A. Ralnikova

Kirov state medical university

Author for correspondence.
Email: medikulyana@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0150-1125

Assistant of the Department of Faculty Therapy

Russian Federation, Kirov, 610998

Elena V. Grebeneva

Center of cardiology and neurology

Email: lengreb97@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-2074-401X

Cardiologist

Russian Federation, 41 Ivana Popova street, 610014 Kirov

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2. Fig. 1. Study design. Here: ЛЭ — prothrombin time, МСКТ — multispiral computed tomography.

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