Features of the biological development of schoolchildren in the Moscow region with different levels of health

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The study of the health status of children and the dynamics of the physical and biological development of schoolchildren remains an urgent scientific issue both in our country and worldwide. The lifestyles of modern children and adolescents change based on regional standards for physical and biological development.

AIM: To analyze the dynamics of puberty in modern schoolchildren depending on their health status and update biological development standards of schoolchildren in the Moscow region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the 2020s, an observational single-center cross-sectional study of the health status and physical and biological development of schoolchildren aged 12–16 years was performed in Moscow. Physical and biological development was assessed in each age and sex group according to standard methods using certified anthropometric instruments to measure height and weight.

RESULTS: The study involved 508 schoolchildren with different levels of health, who were divided into groups 1 (n=107, 21.1%), 2 (n=208, 58.7%), and 3 (n=103, 20.2%). Diseases of the eye and its adnexal apparatus (24%) were prevalent functional abnormalities, and musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases were found in 20% of the sample. The level of biological development in groups 1 and 2 in comparison with group 3 did not differ significantly (р >0.05); however, later development of secondary sexual characteristics tended to occur in schoolchildren with chronic diseases. Significant (р=0.038) differences in the age at menarche in girls were found depending on the level of physical development. Thus, when developing standards for biological development, data of schoolchildren in groups 1 and 2 must be considered.

CONCLUSION: The results of this study clearly demonstrated the prevalence of functional abnormalities and chronic diseases of various nosologies among schoolchildren in the Moscow region. The results of the study provided an update on the standards for the biological development of schoolchildren in Moscow.

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About the authors

Yuliya V. Solovieva

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: yula_24@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6208-2118
SPIN-code: 7400-2686

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, Moscow

Olga Yu. Milushkina

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: olmilushkina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6534-7951
SPIN-code: 3802-3058

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Russian Federation, Moscow

Svetlana S. Paunova

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: ss.paunova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2022-2906
SPIN-code: 2865-1325

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Denis M. Fedotov

Ministry of Health of the Kamchatka Region

Author for correspondence.
Email: doctorpro@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4067-8364
SPIN-code: 1209-7657

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), associate professor

Russian Federation, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

Natalia A. Scoblina

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: skoblina_dom@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7348-9984
SPIN-code: 4269-6361

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Andrey A. Tatarinchik

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: andrei.tatarinchik@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9254-2880
SPIN-code: 3404-8775

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, Moscow

Mikhail S. Ivanov

N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Email: mixail.mi.iv@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-8847-2017
SPIN-code: 5576-6995
Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Functional abnormalities (in % of total).

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3. Fig. 2. Chronic diseases (in % of total).

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