Association between metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis in older adults: a review

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Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a condition characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome is observed among older adults. A decline in estrogen levels in postmenopausal women increases the risk of both metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis, especially if associated with vitamin D deficiency.

Osteoporosis is one of the most important medical and social problems. Its pathogenesis may be related not only to hormonal changes but also to alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. Gut microbial dysbiosis in metabolic syndrome is exacerbated by chronic inflammation, inappropriate pharmacotherapy, and comorbid conditions (such as consequences of gastrectomy, bariatric surgery, malabsorption syndrome, atrophic gastritis, and other diseases). These factors can alter microbial metabolites and mineral metabolism, thereby contributing to decreased bone mineral density.

Thus, modulation of the microbiota and its metabolites in patients with metabolic syndrome may be considered a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in older adults.

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About the authors

Yana O. Shelaeva

Saint-Petersburg State University

Email: yana.shelaeva9093@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-8361-8874
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Elizaveta O. Golubeva

Saint-Petersburg State University

Email: st087643@student.spbu.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-0734-9602
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Valentina V. Gritsenko

Saint-Petersburg State University

Email: st086759@student.spbu.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-4990-4710
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Sofya A. Ovchinnikova

Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University

Email: sofya.owchinnikowa@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-2969-1042
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Veronika O. Popkova

Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University

Email: veronicavtornik@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-0077-5247
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Anita N. Baranova

Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirova

Author for correspondence.
Email: nita.nova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-9332-7326
Russian Federation, 6G Akademika Lebedeva st, Saint Petersburg, 194044

Kirill P. Raevskii

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: raevskiikp@my.msu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9939-3443
SPIN-code: 9133-3802

MD

Russian Federation, Moscow

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