Current epidemiological and surgical aspects of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (literature review)

The review was performed using the RSCI and PubMed databases, with the search keywords being "Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment", "Retinal detachment", "Vitrectomy", "Phacovitrectomy". The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in different countries varies widely from 2.6 to 28.3 per 100,000 population, while there is a clear trend towards an increase in the incidence of RRD over the past few decades, which is proven by numerous studies and is associated mainly with two factors - an increase in life expectancy and myopization of the population. The main epidemiological risk factors for RRD are age, male gender, high meteorological instability and myopic refraction. The current treatment method for RRD is usually based on vitrectomy (VE), with one of the leading modern aspects of VE for RRD being phacovitrectomy (FVE) or delayed phacoemulsification of cataract. The results of comparative (VE, FVE for RRD) studies indicate approximately similar (88.7-100%) levels of probability of achieving anatomically complete retinal attachment. In addition, a similar nature and frequency of complications have been established for both surgical approaches to RRD treatment. Calculation of IOL power in patients receiving FVE can be quite complex, with the refractive outcome considered less predictable, which often leads to postoperative myopic overcorrection. At present, there are no clear indications as to whether VE should be performed primarily without lens surgery or whether combined FVE may be a better strategy.