Prevention of HPV-associated cervical pathology in the 21st century



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Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major pathogen in the development of cervical cancer. Papillomavirus infection is widespread throughout the world. Comprehensive prevention of high-oncogenic risk HPV infection is the main goal for reducing the incidence of cervical cancer. Drawing attention to this problem, expanding the scope of vaccination, developing modern vaccines and diagnostic methods, raising public awareness - all this will help to accelerate the achievement of the presented goal.

This literature review collects the latest information on existing methods of HPV prevention and diagnosis, and also considers further plans for solving this problem in the near future. The article demonstrates the latest results of Russian and foreign research. We analyzed the approach to this problem in Russia and other countries of the world. The statistics of cervical cancer prevalence in the Russian Federation and foreign countries is shown, morbidity and mortality rates are outlined. A clear pattern of decreasing cervical cancer incidence rates in countries with already introduced screening and vaccination programs for the population against HPV is revealed. The key risk factors associated with both the virus and the human lifestyle are presented. The main mechanisms of HPV oncogenesis, preventive screening programs aimed at identifying dysplastic changes and preventing the development of invasive types of cancer are presented, and the topic of vaccine prophylaxis is raised - the vaccines registered in the world and ongoing research on the development of new vaccines, their effectiveness and safety are considered.

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About the authors

Alina Alexandrovna Grineva

FBSEI of HE «North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov» by Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, St-Petersburg, Russia.

Author for correspondence.
Email: Grinva.lina@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-4338-9174
SPIN-code: 9222-1003
Russian Federation, 191015, Russia, St. Petersburg, st. Kirochnaya, 41

Sabina Mubarizovna Ansarova

FBSMEI of HE "Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Email: Sansarova@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-5899-8464
Russian Federation, 94044, St. Petersburg, Academician Lebedev street, 6Zh

Julia Vyacheslavovna Basalova

FBSEI of HE «North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov» by Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, St-Petersburg, Russia.

Email: uliabasalova@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-6372-063X
Russian Federation, 191015, Russia, St. Petersburg, st. Kirochnaya, 41

Aida Elshan kyzy Heydarova

FBSMEI of HE "Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Email: Gdrvd16@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-1991-149X
Russian Federation, 94044, St. Petersburg, Academician Lebedev street, 6Zh

Elena Павловна Obukhova

FBSMEI of HE "Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov" of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Email: Yelena.obukhova.2001@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-4962-1505
Russian Federation, 94044, St. Petersburg, Academician Lebedev street, 6Zh

Marina Sergeevna Romanenko

FBSEI of HE «North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov» by Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, St-Petersburg, Russia.

Email: Marina.romanenko.2001@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-2213-3887
Russian Federation, 191015, Russia, St. Petersburg, st. Kirochnaya, 41

Kirill Pavlovich Raevskii

Moscow Research and Education Institute of the Lomonosov Moscow State University.

Email: Raevskiikp@my.msu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9939-3443
SPIN-code: 9133-3802
Russian Federation, 119192 Russia, Moscow, Lomonosovskiy prospect, 27 bld. 10

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