Gut microbiota and vitamin D: a role in the development of atopic dermatitis and food allergies in children

AIMS: This paper examines the relationship between the imbalance of the intestinal microbiota and impaired immunity, in particular, with the development of food allergies and atopic dermatitis in children. At the moment, the relationship between the intestinal microbiome, vitamin D and the development of atopy is not sufficiently sanctified. We tried to identify the relationship between bacterial signatures in children with atopic dermatitis and food allergies and vitamin D levels.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We sequenced the 16S rRNA gene in 150 stool samples from children aged 3 to 12 years. In addition, we determined the level of vitamin D in the participants' serum using ELISA. Then using statistical models (regression tree, correlation analysis and linear regression) we characterized the relationship of certain bacterial signatures with serum 25(OH)D levels.

RESULTS: In all the mathematical models performed, such important bacterial families as Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae and Sutterellaceae were associated with vitamin D levels. The results showed that dysbiosis combined with vitamin D deficiency is characteristic of an atopic profile, which may indicate the influence of these conditions on an imbalance of the immune system towards a Th2 response, hence the development of allergic conditions.

CONCLUSIONS: We have established that certain bacterial patterns characteristic of atopy is correlated with the level of vitamin D in the blood serum. As a result of the study, we came to the conclusion that the intestinal microbiota and vitamin D may systemically participate in the modulation of immune responses. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these associations and identify the most effective interventions for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune conditions.